渔用可降解材料的研究进展与展望

可降解渔具材料的研发与应用是减轻"幽灵捕捞"、保护海洋渔业资源和生态环境、实现可持续发展的有效途径之一。淀粉基材料、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)等材料具有可完全生物降解、可加工、可再生等特点,作为不可降解渔用合成纤维材料的替代品,可为生物降解高分子材料在渔业领域的应用开辟新的途径。主要综述了近年来国内外有关淀粉基材料、 PCL、PLA、PBS 4种渔用可降解高分子材料的性能、生物降解机理及其与天然高分子共混、合成高分子共混改性的研究进展,介绍了加工工艺、表面处理、添加剂等对复合体系性能的影响,并分析了可降解材料在渔业上的应用及发展前景,以期为研发价格低廉、综合性能优越的可降解渔用材料提供参考。

Progress on research of degradable materials for fishing

There is a large number of abandoned fishing gears around the world every year. The fishing nets made of polyethylene, nylon and other non-degradable synthetic fibers can not be degraded after decades in the seawater environment. They will become "ghost fishing gear" and cause great harm to fishery resources and ecological environment. The use of biodegradable materials for fishing is an effective approach to reduce the phenomenon of "ghost fishing", protect marine fishery resources and ecological environment,and realize sustainable development. The starch materials, polylactic acid(PLA), polycaprolactone(PCL) and poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) have many good properties such as full biodegradability, good thermal processibility, renewability, high mechanical performance, and so on. It is an inevitable trend to replace the non-biodegradable synthetic fiber materials. The appearance of biodegradable materials opens a new way for the application of biodegradable polymer materials in the fishing field. However, the mechanical properties decline for most of biodegradable materials used in seawater. And high prices are obstacles for the application and development of biodegradable materials. All these results attract much attention in the research of modification of biodegradable materials.In this paper, the performance, application status and research progress, including blending with natural polymer and synthetic polymer of four kinds of biodegradable starch based materials, PLA, PCL, PBS are focused.The effects of process,surface treatment and additives on the composite material are presented. Finally, the development prospects of biodegradable materials are analyzed to provide references for the research and development of biodegradable fishing materials with low price and excellent comprehensive performance.