基于超声波标志法的浅海围栏养殖大黄鱼行为研究

为了解浅海大型围栏人工饲养大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的行为特征,于2017年8月22日、26日利用小型超声波标志,对6尾大黄鱼分别使用体内植入法和背鳍悬挂法进行24 h运动行为跟踪,获得了围栏内大黄鱼昼夜垂直运动深度及水平位置数据。结果表明:1)体内植入法的试验鱼进入稳定状态所需时间比背鳍悬挂法多2 h左右,稳定性优于背鳍悬挂法;2)两种固定方法大黄鱼活动水层多处于水下4~10 m深度,且更加集中于6 m附近水层;3)试验鱼的水平运动多出现在围栏外侧做往返游动,在靠近工作平台附近出现的概率最小,在投饵区的活动较为频繁。试验首次基于超声波标志跟踪法研究了浅海大型围栏人工饲养下大黄鱼的行为特性,可为今后浅海大型围栏养殖大黄鱼的操作平台选址建设、养殖管理以及大型围栏的设计优化提供科学的理论依据和数据支持。

On behavioral characteristics of Larimichthys crocea by ultrasound pinger system of fence farming in shallow sea

The fence farming is a new culture method for large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. The culture area is generally in the offshore where the water is deep, the flow rate is high, and water exchange is well, and it also provides larger space for culturing fish. So the croakers in the fence farming area are close to the wild croakers, which have symmetrical body shape, golden color skin, firm meat and delicious taste. In order to understand the behavioral characteristics of Larimichthys crocea in fence farming, the ultrasound pinger system was used to track 6 tails test fish for 24 hours to access the fish movement data by implanting tag in the abdomen and hanging tag on the dorsal fin on Aug.22nd and 26th, 2017. The results showed that: 1) The recovery time of implanted group is two hour longer than that of the dorsal fin group, but more stable;2) The vertical movement depths of L.crocea were mainly in 4~10 m, and most in 6 m for both two groups;3) The horizontal movement of test fish appeared most in the outside of the weir which was far away from the production platform, but near the feeding arears. The main reasons were as follows: On one hand, due to the hearing characteristics of L.crocea, it was sensitive to the ambient noise, which made the fish show a negative response and escape from the noisy area;on the other hand, food is also a main reason to attract the croakers during the feeding time. In this study, it is the first time to study the behavioral characteristics in fence farming by ultrasound pinger system with two different tagging methods for 24 h motion tracking. It helps us have a preliminary understanding of the movement behavior of L.crocea in fence farming, and it aims to provide a scientific theoretical basis and data support for the site selection for production platform, aquaculture management and optimization for the weir design.