国内外拖网减少副渔获物的研究进展

拖网渔业的兼捕是一个世界性难题,每年因兼捕而产生的渔获物抛弃对渔业资源的持续发展产生较大影响。目前世界各国针对本国拖网渔业的特点、主捕对象开展了卓有成效的选择性研究,并取得了较为理想的效果。但在推广及应用过程中反映出较多的实际问题,有待进一步完善、提高。笔者综合了国内外在开展拖网渔具选择性研究中具有代表性的成功经验,表明单纯的网囊网目很难对副渔获复杂的拖网产生理想的选择效果;选择性装置及其与网片的组合是解决拖网渔具兼捕的有效手段之一。

Research progress on by-catch reduction in the trawl fishery abroad

The by-catch in the trawl fishery is a worldwide problem, and lots of discards have a greater impact on the sustainable development of fishery resources. At present, many countries have researched on the selectivity of trawl gear on the basis of the features and the main catch targets of their own, and have achieved good results. Some problems, however, need to be further solved for the extension and application. This paper summed up the representatively successful experience of trawl gear selectivity research, and pointed out that simple mesh size is very difficult to have ideal selective effect on the complicated by-catch in the trawl, while selective device with the assembly of mesh is one of the effective methods to solve by-catch in the trawl gear.