东海区鲐鱼生物学特征及其渔业现状的分析研究

本文以1960～1961年、1973～1975年、1982～1986年和1999～2002年4个年代的东海区渔业资源监测调查资料为依据，比较分析了东海区鲐鱼的种群结构、生长和死亡等生物学性状的动态变化特征。结果表明，东海区鲐鱼从20世纪60年代起至今，经过近40年时间的开发利用，目前该种群的低龄化、小型化现象较为明显；其平均叉长从343．14mm下降到193．66mm，平均体重从588．79g下降到96．89g；种群的个体生长内禀动力发生了较大变化，生长参数K从0．22提高到0．81，渐近叉长从486．84mm减小到367.50mm，体重的生长拐点年龄从4．48龄逐渐减小到1．27龄。尽管东海区鲐鱼目前渔获产量仍维持在较高水平，但种群已长期处于生长型捕捞过度状态。

Study on the biological characteristics and status of common mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn) fishery in the East China Sea region

According to the data obtained from the fishery resources monitoring in the East China Sea region during 1960 - 1961, 1973 - 1975, 1982 - 1986, and 1999 - 2002, the biological characteristic dynamics of common mackerel Scomber japonicus, such as population structure, growth and mortality, were analyzed. The results indicated that the younger and miniaturization of population structure have been quite distinct after 40 years of exploitation since the 1960s; the average fork length and the average body weight decreased from 343.14mm to 193.66mm, and from 588.79g to 96.89mm, respectively. Species intrinsic dynamical feature has changed, the growth parameter (K) increased from 0.22 to 0.81; the asymptotic fork length decreased from 486.84 to 367.50mm, the growth point of inflecxion changed from 4.48 years to 1.27 years. Although the yield of common mackerel maintained at higher level, the population was already in overfishing situation.