深圳海域造礁石珊瑚分布特点与多样性

2015年7月,采用国际通用的截线样带法对大亚湾海域的造礁石珊瑚进行普查,并采用ShannonWeaver多样性指数(H')和均匀度指数(J)分析大亚湾海域造礁石珊瑚多样性情况,通过统计造礁石珊瑚覆盖率、死亡率、白化率和基底岩石、碎石、沙子覆盖率来分析大亚湾海域石珊瑚分布特点。结果表明:调查海域共记录54种珊瑚,调查海域主要优势种珊瑚以块状居多,主要为厚板页表孔珊瑚(Montipora incrassata)、团状滨珊瑚(Porites lobata)、隐形角菊珊瑚(Favites abdita)。统计分析数据表明:西涌海域所获珊瑚覆盖率(55%±3%)、多样性(3.039)都较高,但近期珊瑚白化率也较高(6%±2%);东山海域珊瑚覆盖率(13%±2%)、多样性(0.618)均最低。调查海域整体珊瑚覆盖度较高达到41.15%,最高覆盖率为55%,最低覆盖率仅为13%,覆盖度差异较大,近3年内珊瑚死亡率较高,建议加强大亚湾海域珊瑚生态系统的保护。

Species diversity and distribution of scleractinian corals in Shenzhen Sea area

Researchers from South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute selected 6 sea areas in Nan'ao Peninsula to investigate the diversity of scleractinian corals.The species diversity of scleractinian corals were surveyed with belt transect method in Daya bay in July 2015.Shannon-Weaver (H') and Evenness index (J) were used to describe the diversity of scleractinian corals.Coverage rate,mortality rate,and bleached rate of scleractinian corals were calculated to analyze the distribution characteristics of coral reefs in Daya bay.By seqencing the importance value,dominant species were analyzed,and the compositions of coral under different environments were obtained.Meanwhile,the reasons for the degradation of coral reef areas and the measures to manage and restore coral reefs were explored to provide references for the protection of Coral Reef Resources in Daya bay.The results showed that 54 species of scleractinian corals were recorded,amongwhich dominant species was nubby scleractinian corals,and the most three species were Montipora incrassata,Porites lobata and Favites abdita.The coverage rate and diversity were the highest in Xichong sea area which was 55％ ±3％ and the Shannon-Wiener index was 3.039.The corals bleaching rate (6％ ±2％) had been also higher recently.The coverage rate and diversity were the lowest in Dongshan sea area which were 13％ ± 2％ and 0.618,respectively.Statistical results showed that the whole coverage rate of corals in Daya bay was 41.15％,and the highest coral coverage rate in Shenzhen sea area was 55％,while the minimum coral coverage rate in Shenzhen sea area was 13％,so the coral coverage rate were highly variant in Shenzhen sea area.The coral mortality rate was higher in the past three years.So it is suggested that the coral reef community could be gradually expanded by natural or artificial restoration,and the coral reef resources will have a broad prospect for the maintenance of the fishing industry and the development of the tourism industry.