空心莲子草中抗污损活性皂苷成分的研究

海洋污损生物危害水产养殖,为发现抗污损的天然资源,对入侵植物空心莲子草(Alternantheraphiloxeroides)进行了抗污损活性化学成分研究。分离鉴定了3个皂苷类化合物,分别为3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(1)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯基齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(2)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基-30-去甲基-12,20(29)-二烯齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(3),其中化合物2为首次从该植物中分离得到。初步的抗污损结果表明,皂苷3具有明显的杀灭污损生物藤壶的作用,活性与阳性对照CuSO4相近,但是对卤虫的毒性则远低于相同剂量的CuSO4;部分皂苷混合物也具有一定的选择性杀灭藤壶的作用。

Antifouling saponins from Alternanthera philoxeroides

Marine fouling organisms are harmful for aquaculture.To find natural antifouling resources,primary antifouling investigations were carried out on an invasive plant species,Alternanthera philoxeroides.Three compounds were identified as oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-(6-methyl)-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),and 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-30-dien-12,20(29)-nor-oleanic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3).The compound 2 was isolated from this plant for the first time.Saponin 3 showed moderate molluscicidal effect against the wild barnacles at the dose close to that of positive control CuSO4,while it was much less toxic to brine shrimp Artemia salina than CuSO4.Some other mixtures of saponins were also observed selectively toxic to barnacles in the same test.