俄罗斯鲟鱼卵与西伯利亚鲟鱼卵的营养成分比较

采用生化方法分析了俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti)和西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)鱼卵的营养成分,并对两者的营养品质进行了比较。结果表明:这两种鱼卵的水分含量平均值为62.83%～64.88%,粗蛋白平均含量为20.38%～20.77%,粗脂平均含量为10.41%～13.58%。统计分析表明,俄罗斯鲟鱼卵的粗脂肪含量显著低于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵,而粗蛋白、水分和灰分含量略高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵。俄罗斯鲟鱼卵和西伯利亚鲟鱼卵的氨基酸组成一致,均含有17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为50.66和44.43。两种鲟鱼卵的脂肪酸中,均以C16∶0、C18∶2n6c和DHA为主要脂肪酸,三者总的质量分数达50%左右;而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的总量俄罗斯鲟鱼卵高于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵,在两种鱼卵中含量分别为19.47%和16.83%。分析结果表明,两种鲟鱼卵均含有丰富的各种营养成分,但从粗蛋白、必需氨基酸(EAA)、DHA和n3PUFA含量来看,俄罗斯鲟鱼卵的营养价值优于西伯利亚鲟鱼卵。

Comparison of nutritive components of eggs between Acipenser gueldenstaedti and Acipenser baerii

This paper briefly compares the nutritive components and nutritional quality of eggs between Acipenser gueldenstaedti and Acipenser baerii.The results showed that the content of moisture,crude protein and crude fat of the two species were 62.83%-64.88%,20.38%-20.77% and 10.41%-13.58%,respectively.The crude fat content of eggs of A.gueldenstaedti was lower than that of A.baerii significantly,while moisture,crude protein and crude ash content of A.gueldenstaedti was a little higher than that of A.baerii.17 kinds of amino acids were found in the eggs of both two species: 8 kinds of essential amino acids(EAA∶ Thr,Val,Met,Phe,Ile,Leu,Lys,Trp);2 kinds of half-essential amino acids(HEAA∶ His and Arg);7 kinds of nonessential amino acids(NEAA∶ Asp,Glu,Ser,Gly,Ala,Tyr,Pro).The essential amino acids index(EAAI) was 50.66 and 44.43 for the eggs of A.gueldenstaedti and A.baerii,respectively.There were 7 kinds of saturated fatty acids(SFA),3 kinds of mono-unsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and 7 kinds of poly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) found in the eggs of A.gueldenstaedti,while there were 8 kinds of SFA,3 kinds of MUFA and 7 kinds of PUFA found in the eggs of A.baerii.C16∶ 0,C18∶ 2n6c and DHA were three main fatty acids in both spcies.The proportion of EPA+DHA was 19.47% and 16.83% for A.gueldenstaedti and A.baerii,n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids(n-3PUFA) was 22.40% and 20.78% for the eggs from these two species,respectively.Thus,the proportion of crude protein,EAA,DHA and n3 PUFA in A.gueldenstaedti were all significantly higher than those in A.baerii.The present study indicated that the nutritive components of the eggs from both species were mainly similar.Both species contained abundance of amino acids and fatty acids.Comparing the content of crude protein,EAA,DHA and n-3 PUFA,it may be inferred that nutritive components in the eggs of A.gueldenstaedti were higher than that of A.baerii.