东、黄海日本鲭种群鉴定和划分的研究进展

分布于东、黄海的日本鲭(Scomber japoncus)在我国海洋渔业中具有重要的地位,随着中韩、中日渔业协定的生效,开展日本鲭等重要经济鱼类的种群归属研究显得尤为重要。关于东、黄海日本鲭种群划分,20世纪中日两国学者利用标志放流和渔业调查数据分别进行了研判,但中日间以及国内对其种群划分存在不同见解。21世纪以来,中国一些研究者利用形态框架法和分子遗传学方法对前辈的种群划分进行了验证并提供了一些证据,但分析结果值得商榷。总结相关研究结果,多数中国学者将分布于东、黄海的日本鲭划分为东海西部种群、五岛西部种群和闽南—粤东地方种群,也有中国学者将其划分为东海群系和闽南—粤东地方种群;日本学者将分布于东海不同越冬场日本鲭归属为对马暖流群系,也有日本学者将分布于东、黄海和日本海西部的日本鲭划分为九州西部群系和东海西部群系。针对东、黄海日本鲭种群划分存在的不同观点,今后研究者应同时利用目前较为先进的、相对可操作的鱼类框架形态和分子遗传等判别技术,增加产卵场样本采集覆盖面,以获得判别东、黄海日本鲭种群相对最为科学的证据。

Progress of population identification and classification of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea

Chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus) of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea plays a very important role in Chinese marine fishery.As Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese fishery agreements came into effect,the study of the population identification for chub mackerel and other important economic fish species has become particularly important.In the 20th Century,Chinese and Japanese scholars used the tagging and fishery survey data to determine the population of chub mackerel in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea,but there were different opinions from both sides.Recently,Chinese scholars have verified the previous population classification by using the truss and molecular genetics methods,but the analysis of results was still worth debating.Research results showed that most Chinese scholars considered that the chub mackerel populations of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea were distributed in the west of East China Sea,the west of Goto islands and South Fujian-East Guangdong,while other Chinese scholars regarded that chub mackerel should be classified as the East China population and South Fujian-East Guangdong population.However,Japanese scholars attributed chub mackerel population of over wintering to Tsushima warm current formation in East China Sea.Some other Japanese scholars divided the chub mackerel populations of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea into the west of Kyushu formation and the west of the East China Sea.According to the different views of chub mackerel population classification,researchers should apply morphological and molecular genetic method to identify the varied populations,and increase the sample coverage of the spawning grounds,in order to obtain the most scientific evidence of chub mackerel population identification in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea.