异源铜盐对仿刺参幼参急性毒性及组织形态学影响

采用急性毒性试验方法研究异源铜盐对仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）幼参的毒性影响,通过24h、48h、72h和96h的致死数量统计分析硫酸铜（CuSO4）/氯化铜（CuCl2）对幼参的半致死质量浓度（LC50）和安全质量浓度（SC）;利用石蜡切片显微定性观察不同铜盐对刺参幼参后肠的毒性情况。结果表明,CuSO4来源的Cu^2＋对幼参24h、48h和72h的LC50均大于CuCl2来源的Cu^2＋对幼参24h、48h和72h的LC50,而CuCl2对幼参96h LC50大于CuSO4对幼参96hLC50;异源铜盐在暴露前48h内对刺参的毒性影响极其显著,随着暴露时间的延长其对刺参的毒性影响不显著;2种铜盐（以铜离子质量浓度为0.06 mg·L^-1计）对幼参的消化道均有不同程度的腐蚀作用,导致结缔层与上皮层分离,CuCl2对刺参肠道的毒性（类似腐蚀作用）大于CuSO4的毒性;不同的阴离子对Cu^2＋的毒性有拮抗作用。

Effect of different copper salts on acute toxicity and histomorphology of juvenile sea cucumbers

The toxic effect of different copper salts on juvenile sea cucumbers was studied by acute toxicity test. LC50 and safety concentration of two copper ions（ CuSO4 and CuCl2） were determined by statistical analysis of dead numbers of juvenile sea cucumbers（ Apostichopus japonicus） after treatments of 24h,48h,72h and 96h,respectively. The toxic effect of different copper salts on foregut of juvenile sea cucumbers were observed on paraffin section with microscope. The results show that LC50 s of CuSO4 on juvenile sea cucumbers after treatment of 24h,48h and 72h were higher than that of Cu Cl2,while LC50 of CuCl2 was higher than that of CuSO4 after 96h treatment. The difference of toxic effect of juvenile sea cucumbers exposed to the two copper ions within 48h was very significant,but was not significant as the exposure time. Corrosive actions were observed in digestive tracts of juveniles treated with two kinds of salts（ with concentration of 0. 06 mg·L^-1 as copper ion）,which resulted in connective tissue layer separating from the epithelial layer. The toxicity（ corrosive action） of CuCl2 on digestive tracts of sea cucumbers was greater than that of CuSO4. Different anions of copper salts had antagonistic effect to copper toxicity.