海南岛上岸渔获调查与分析

上岸渔获调查是调查渔业资源的主要方法之一。通过2010年9月至2011年8月监测海南岛主要渔港渔情，统计分析渔获上岸量、渔获组成和作业类型，评估南海渔业资源开发现状并提出建议。结果表明，1）低值幼鱼渔获比例超过40％，经济渔获蓝圆鲹（Decapterusmaruadsi）、带鱼（Trichiurushaumela）、马鲛（Scomber-morus）、眼镜鱼（Menemaculata）、金线鱼（Nemipterus）和头足类（Cephalopoda）的总和不足25％；2）蓝圆骖和带鱼是海南岛上岸渔获的优势种；3）拖网是海南岛近海渔获量最高的作业类型；4）海南岛近海底层渔业资源已严重衰退，远海中上层渔业资源具有巨大开发潜力。建议禁止海南岛近海拖网生产，允许南海休渔期间灯光围网和灯光罩网生产，通过增加远海作业船只的柴油补贴等途径扶持灯光围网和灯光罩网生产，构建“养护近海渔业、开发远海渔业”的新捕捞格局。

Survey and analysis of landings on Hainan Island

Landing survey is one of the main methods for fishery resources survey. According to the landing survey data collected in Hainan Island from April 2010 to August 2011, we conducted a statistical analysis for the total landing catch, species composition and gear type to evaluate the current status of exploitation of marine fishery resources in the South China Sea and to provide advices for fish- eries management. The result shows that in Hainan Island ： 1 ） The percentage of juvenile fish is over 40% , but the sum of percentage of commercial species including Decapterus maruadsi, Trichiurus haumela, Scombermorus, Mene maculata, Nemipterus and Cepha- lopoda is less than 25% ; 2） D. maruadsi and T. haumela are the dominant species in landing catch; 3） Bottom-trawl is the dominant fishing gear; 4） The fishery resources in offshore waters are overexploited, while pelagic fishery resources in high sea has great devel- opmental potential. It is suggested that trawling be banned in the offshore waters of Hainan Island, but light purse seine and light fall- ing net fisheries be permitted in closed fishing seasons and be funded by increasing subsidy of diesel oil for fishing vessels, so as to construct a new marine fisheries structure of “conserving offshore fisheries and exploiting high sea fisheries”.