桂山牛头岛出坞航道水下爆破对游泳生物的影响评估

文章根据2012年12月在珠江口桂山牛头岛出坞航道水下炸礁鱼类吊笼试验,对游泳生物的影响进行分析评估。结果表明,随着距离的增加,鱼类续后死亡的个数逐渐减少。解剖得出,水下爆破对试验鱼的鱼体、鱼鳃、腔壁、耳石、内脏均有不同程度的影响,大多与爆破点距离远近关系密切,表现为离爆破点距离近的影响程度大,离爆破点距离远的影响程度小。计算得出直接损失质量和损失个体量分别为167.215 kg和29 076尾。利用以往回归经验公式计算和实测鱼类死亡率,结合3次试验结果,通过二元线性回归对鱼类死亡率与爆破距离和炸药量之间的关系进行拟合分析,得出游泳生物死亡率经验公式。

Influence of underwater blasting on nekton forundocking channel in Guishan Niutou Island

Based on the underwater blasting from fish cage experiment in undocking channel in Guishan Niutou Island of Pearl River Estuary in December 2012, we analyzed the influence of blasting on nekton. The results indicated that the mortality of fish gradually decreased with increase of distance from blasting spot. Blasting had influences at different extents on fish body, gill, cavity wall, otolith and viscera, and the influences were closely related with distance from blasting spot, i.e. , great influence from short distance and small influence from long distance. The direct weight loss and individual loss were 167. 215 kg and 29 076 ind, respectively. Using regression empirical formula calculation and measurement of fish mortality, combined with the results of three experiments as well as through the two element linear regression, we studied the relationship among fish mortality, distance from blasting and explosive quantity to finally obtain an empirical mortality formula for swimming nekton.