南海外海灯光罩网主要渔场分布及变动研究——基于广西渔船的生产监测统计

广西灯光罩网渔船是开发南海外海的主要力量之一。文章采用广西渔船船位监控系统记录的2013年2月～5月广西灯光罩网渔船在南海外海的生产数据,计算各渔区捕捞努力量占同期外海总捕捞努力量的比例作为渔区生产集中程度的指标,据此将渔区按渔船生产集中程度归类为作业高密集区、密集区、低密集区和生产外围区等4类。结果表明,高密集区和密集区的捕捞努力量占总量的2/3以上,构成渔船在南海外海的主要渔场。主要渔场范围包括27个渔区,多分布于南沙海区北部海域,太平岛周围海域是生产集中程度最高的区域。同时分析了灯光罩网主要渔场分布变动情况,讨论当前南海外海渔业开发的态势和存在问题,提出了南海外海渔业生产管理和发展的对策和建议。

Analysis on variation ＆ distribution of center fishing ground for light falling-net in offshore of the South China Sea： based on statistics of fishery surveillance to Guangxi fishing vessels

Guangxi fishing vessels with light falling-net are one of the fishery powers in offshore of the South China Sea. Based on the data of Guangxi fishing vessels in that area from February to May, 2013 recorded by Guangxi vessel monitoring system, we calculated the ratios of fishing effort in each single sea region to the total fishing effort in offshore, which were regarded as indicators for intensity of fishing activities. The sea regions were categoried into four types ： high intensive, intensive, low intensive and extensive. Results show that the fishing efforts from high intensive and intensive regions where were concluded as the center fishing grounds in offshore of the South China Sea, accounted to more than 2/3 of the total fishing effort. The center fishing ground covered 27 sea regions distributed mainly in northern part of Nansha （Spratly） and focused around Taipin Island. Besides, we analyzed the variation in distribution of center fishing ground for light falling-net, discussed the present status and problems confronted by fisheries development in offshore of the South China Sea, and provided countermeasures and advices for fishery development and management in that area.