朱家尖人工鱼礁区鱼类和大型无脊椎动物群落结构变动初探

基于2002年朱家尖建礁水域的本底调查和2005～2006年4个航次跟踪调查数据,初步探讨了朱家尖人工鱼礁海域投礁前后鱼类和大型无脊椎动物的组成、优势种和群落结构变化。结果表明,投礁后出现的种类数为投礁前的2.8倍,鱼礁海域采集到鱼类和大型无脊椎动物53种,由鱼类、甲壳类和软体类3大类组成,鱼类和甲壳类分别占调查种类的49%和45%;投礁前后,甲壳类优势种发生了很大变化,从低值虾类转变成以日本（Charybdis japonica）和日本鼓虾（Alpheus japonicus）等经济虾、蟹类为主;甲壳类为拖网渔获的主要构成部分;投礁前后鱼类和大型无脊椎动物种类组成具有相近的群落多样性测度值,但皆未达到中等相似水平,优势种在不同月份差异大。人工鱼礁的建设使石首鱼科种类和岩礁性鱼类增加明显,鱼礁生境既具有维持固有种类的优势,还可为更多生物提供栖息地。

Preliminary study on changes of fish and macroinvertebrate community structure in Zhujiajian artificial reef area

Based on the data from the background investigation in 2002 and from the four follow-up voyages carried out in the artificial reef （AR） waters of Zhujiajian during 2005 and 2006,we studied the changes in the composition,dominant species and community structure of fish and macroinvertebrates before and after deploying AR.The results show that the species number after deploying AR is 2.8 times more than before;53 species of fish and macorinvertebrates are identified in AR waters,including fish,crustaceans and molluscs,among which fish and arthropods account for 49% and 45% respectively.Moreover,there are great changes in the dominant species composition of crustaceans after deploying AR,that is,from low-value shrimp to economic shrimps and crabs （Charybdis japonica,Alpheus japonicus）.Crustaceans are the main component of trawl catches.The community diversity value of species composition before and after deploying AR is similar,but neither reaches the medium similarity level,and the dominant species number varies with different months.The deployment of AR leads to an obvious increase in sciaenidae fish and rocky fish,and AR environment can not only maintain the inherent species,but also offer more bio-available habitat.