运用生产力-易捕率指数对10种热带太平洋鲨鱼种群的研究

热带太平洋是全球产量最高的金枪鱼渔场,大洋性鲨鱼种群遭受金枪鱼渔业的影响受到国际社会的高度关注。由于缺少渔业统计资料,一般难以运用标准的资源评估方法对这些兼捕的种类进行评估。笔者运用种群生产力-易捕率分析（productivity-susceptibility analysis,PSA）方法,对热带太平洋10种鲨鱼遭受金枪鱼延绳钓渔业影响的风险程度进行比较分析,并计算风险指数（vulnerability）。风险指数从低到高的种类依次为锤头双髻鲨（Sphyrna zygaena）、路氏双髻鲨（S.lewini）、无沟双髻鲨（S.mokarran）、尖吻鲭鲨（Isurus oxyrinchus）、狐形长尾鲨（Alopias vulpinus）、长鳍真鲨（Carcharhinus longimanus）、大青鲨（Prionace glauca）、镰状真鲨（C.falciformis）、浅海长尾鲨（A.pelagicus）、大眼长尾鲨（A.superciliosus）,表明大眼长尾鲨种群受延绳钓渔业影响而遭受过度捕捞的潜在风险最高,垂头双髻鲨的风险最低。该研究结果可以为热带太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业的管理和生态系统保护提供科学参考。

Productivity-susceptibility analysis of 10 shark populations in tropical Pacific Ocean

The tropical Pacific Ocean is the main tuna fishing area in the world.The impact of tuna longline fishery on pelagic shark populations has received considerable concerns recently.However,it is difficult to evaluate their population status using formal stock assessment models due to the lack of long-term fishery data.We conduct productivity-susceptibility analysis（PSA） to evaluate the vulnerability to overfishing for 10 pelagic shark species in the tropical Pacific Ocean.The 10 species with risk of overfishing suffered from longline fishery,in terms of vulnerability score,are as follows（in ascending order） ：smooth hammerhead（Sphyrna zygaena）,scalloped hammerhead（S.lewini）,great hammerhead（S.mokarran）,shortfin mako（Isurus oxyrinchus）,common thresher（Alopias vulpinus）,oceanic whitetip shark（Carcharhinus longimanus）,blue shark（Prionace glauca）,silky shark（C.falciformis）,pelagic thresher（A.pelagicus） and bigeye thresher（A.superciliosus）.The results provide important information for conservation of pelagic sharks and pelagic ecosystem interacting with tuna longline fisheries in the tropical Pacific Ocean.