海洋碳汇研究进展及南海碳汇渔业发展方向探讨

二氧化碳（CO2）是温室气体的主要成分,近代工业化的迅速发展导致碳的排放量不断增长,自2005年2月16日《京都议定书》正式生效以来,节能减排、碳＂源＂、碳＂汇＂等概念越来越受到关注。海洋占地球面积的70%以上,是最大的＂碳库＂,约占全球碳总量的93%,约为大气的50倍。海洋的固碳机制主要包括碳酸盐体系驱动的＂溶解度泵＂和浮游生物驱动的＂生物泵＂过程,这些过程对大气CO2的浓度和全球碳循环的系统过程都有重要的影响。同时,近海由于受人类活动的显著影响,尤其是近岸的渔业活动,对碳循环和海洋增汇有着重要的影响。文章对主要的碳源和碳汇以及海洋固碳机制研究进展进行了综述,并探讨了南海碳汇渔业发展的重点研究方向。

Review on marine carbon sink and development of carbon sink fisheries in South China Sea

Carbon dioxide（CO2）,a main component of greenhouse gases,whose discharge is continually increasing with the development of modern industrialization.More and more attention has been drawn to the ＂energy-saving＂,＂ejection-decreasing＂,carbon source and carbon sink,as the Kyoto Protocol came into force on Feb 16,2005.The ocean,which covers more than 70% of the earth,is the biggest carbon sink,accounting for 93% of the total carbon in the earth,50 times as that of atmosphere.The processes of solubility pump（SP） and biological pump（BP） driven by carbonate systems or planktons are important carbon fixation mechanisms in ocean.The concentration and global circulation of CO2 are significantly affected by these processes.The coastal waters are significantly influenced by human activities,especially the mariculture activities greatly affect the coastal carbon cycling and carbon sink capacity.This paper reviews the carbon source,carbon sink and ocean-carbon-fixation mechanisms,and discusses the development of carbon sink fisheries in South China Sea.