发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉对日本鳗鲡生长性能和体内矿物元素的影响

在日本鳗鲡（Anguill japonica）饲料中分别添加0、50 g·kg-1、100 g·kg-1、150 g·kg-1和200 g·kg-1的发酵豆粕，相应替代饲料中鱼粉使用量的0、5%、10%、15%和20%，饲养体质量为（37.62±0.16）g日本鳗鲡50 d，研究发酵豆粕对鳗鱼生长性能和体内矿物元素的影响。结果显示：1）随着发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的比例升高，鳗鱼增重率和特定生长率呈先上升后下降的趋势，其中15%替代组增重率和特定生长率高于其他组，但差异不显著（P﹥0.05），5%替代组饲料系数显著低于其他组（P〈0.05）。从生长性能上看，15%是发酵豆粕替代鳗鱼饲料中鱼粉的最适比例；2）发酵豆粕替代鱼粉后鳗鱼饲料中的钾（K）、铁（Fe）、镁（Mg）等元素质量分数升高，而铝（Al）元素质量分数降低，按变化幅度大小排列Al〉K〉铜（Cu）〉硼（B）〉钙（Ca）〉钠（Na）〉磷（P）〉Fe，但替代组与对照组鳗鱼肌肉中矿物元素K、Ca和P差异不显著（P〉0.05），而无论是肌肉还是皮肤中矿物元素Cu质分数量均降低（P〈0.05），因此，发酵豆粕替代鱼粉后应对饲料中矿物元素添加量适当进行调整。

Effects of replacement of fish meal by fermented soybean meal in the diet for Japanese eel (Anguill japonica) on growth performance and content of mineral elements in muscle and skin

We investigated the effects of replacement of fish meal （FM） by fermented soybean meal （FSBM） in the diet for Japanese eel （Anguill japonica） on growth performance and content of mineral elements in muscle and skin. 0, 50 g？kg-1, 100 g？kg-1, 150 g？kg-1 and 200 g？kg-1 FSBM were substituted for 0.5%, 10%, 15% and 20% FM in the basal diet respectively. Experiments were carried out in 15 net cages, each was stocked with 50 elvers （37.62±0.16）g]. The results show that curves of weight gain rate （WGR） and specific growth rate （SGR） present a parabola shape as the proportion of replacement increases, in which 15% replacement group is a turning point. The feed coefficient of fish fed with 15% FSBM is significantly lower than other groups （P〈0.05）. 15% may be the best ratio of FSBM alternative to FM, that is150 kg FSBM could be used for every ton of eel feed. In addition, the replacement changes mineral elements amount in diet such as Al, K, Cu, B, Ca, Na, P and Fe. Concretely, the level of constant elements such as K, Ca, and P in fish muscle have no significant difference between all groups, while trace element Cu in muscle and skin of fish fed with FM is significantly different with that fed with FSBM （P〈0.05）. Therefore, when replacing FM with FSMB, we should adjust the amount of mineral elements in feed.