虾池浮游微藻与养殖水环境调控的研究概况

在对虾养殖过程中,虾池中的浮游微藻群落结构和对虾的健康养殖有着密切关系,一些有益微藻能调节水体溶氧量（DO）和酸碱度（pH）,吸收氨氮（NH4-N）和亚硝氮（NO2-N）等有害物质,有效地调控养殖环境。但一些能分泌毒素的微藻也会给对虾的健康生长带来危害。数量和生物量占微藻总量比例均较高的浮游微藻优势种对整个虾池微藻群落结构的稳定起着重要作用,主导着微藻群落的功能发挥。不同养殖模式、养殖季节、养殖地域以及养殖阶段虾池中浮游微藻的优势种类分布、多样性等群落特征有差异。浮游微藻群落中优势种的变动规律和虾池中各种环境因子的动态密切相关,环境因子的变动会影响浮游微藻群落结构的变动。文章综述了对虾养殖生产实践中浮游微藻群落结构和生态调控特征的研究概况,并对在养殖中构建优良微藻藻相的方法进行了探讨。

A review of water environment regulation by planktonic microalgae in shrimp ponds

The community structure of planktonic microalgae in shrimp ponds is closely related to the health of shrimp.Some beneficial planktonic microalgae can not only regulate DO and water pH but also assimilate the harmful substances such as NH4-N and NO2-N,effectively improving the culture environment.However,some can also produce toxins that harm the shrimp＇s health.The dominant species of planktonic microalgae which have high proportion in quantity and biomass play an important role in maintaining the stability of community structure of planktonic microalgae in shrimp ponds and in affecting the functions of planktonic microalgae communities.Moreover,the distribution and diversity of microalge dominant species have some differences among different regions,culture seasons,modes and stages in shrimp ponds.The changing rule of dominant planktonic microalgae species is closely related to the changes of various environmental factors in shrimp ponds which may affect the community structure of planktonic microalgae.The paper reviews the characteristics of community structure and ecological management of planktonic microalgae in shrimp ponds,and discusses how to provide a good microalgae-phase for shrimp culture.