流速对鲫游泳行为和能量消耗影响的研究

通过自制的鱼类游泳试验装置,研究了流速对鲫（Carassius auratus）游泳行为和能量消耗的影响。结果表明,鲫的摆尾频率、摆尾幅度随游泳速度变化有明显的规律。随着游泳速度的增加,鲫的摆尾频率与幅度都相应地增加。流速小于3倍体长/s与大于3倍体长/s,摆尾频率差异性显著（P〈0.05）,而摆尾幅度差异性不明显。鲫单位时间耗氧率随着流速的增加而显著增加,并且随着速度的增加,鲫用于游泳所消耗的能量占总能量消耗逐渐趋于稳定,运动净耗氧率最大为90%。水温（16±1）℃时,体长12～20cm鲫的相对极限流速为其（3.85±1.10）倍体长/s,绝对极限流速为（0.66±0.10）m/s;相同流速的温度环境中,随着体重的增加,耗氧量呈增加趋势。在相同的流速下,水温（10±1）℃时的游泳耗氧量小于（16±1）℃,而净耗氧率较大;温度（16±1）℃时,2.5倍体长/s的游泳速度有利于鲫生长代谢的能量积累。

Effects of Folw Rate on Swimming Behavior and Energy Consumption of Carassius auratus

In the experiment,effects of folw rate on swimming behavior and energy consumption of Carassius auratus have been tested in the special experimental device.The results showed that the tail beat frequency,tail beat amplitude of Carassius auratus with swimming speed changes had obvious relations.As the swimming speed increased,the tail beat frequency and amplitude increased correspondingly.And tail beat frequency was quite different when the flow rate per second was less than 3 times body length（BL） and more than 3 times body length,but the tail beat amplitude difference was not obvious.The results also indicated that the oxygen consumption rate in unit time of Carassius auratus increased significantly,as the swimming speed increased.What was more,with the increased speed,the energy consumption of the swimming tended to be stable,and the maximum energy consumption rate was 90%.When the water temperature was around（16±1） ℃,the critical velocity of 12-20 cm long fish was（3.85±1.10） BL/s,and the absolutely critical velocity was（0.66±0.10） m/s.The result also suggested that,in the temperature environment of the same flow rate,as the weight increases,the oxygen consumption tended to increase.And the oxygen consumption was greater at the temperature of（10±1）℃ than at（16±1）℃,but the net oxygen consumption was smaller.When the water temperature was（16±1）℃,swimming speed of 2.5 times body length per second was conducive to energy accumulation of Carassius auratus metabolism.