三峡库区支流底栖动物群落结构研究

2010年4月对三峡库区26条主要支流的底栖动物进行了采集,经鉴定共检出97种;其中,水生昆虫78种,软体动物10种,寡毛纲6种。常见种为蜉蝣科（Ephemeridae）、小蜉科（Ephemerellidae）、四节蜉属（Baetis）、细蜉属（Caenis）、宽基蜉属（Choroterpes）、扁蚴蜉属（Ecdyonurus）稚虫及直突摇蚊属（Orthocladius）、斑特突摇蚊属（Thienemanimyia）幼虫,平均密度673.22个/m2,平均生物量9.9398g/m2。MDS分析表明,御临河、龙溪河、长滩溪和嘉陵江站点明显偏离其他22条河流;种类组成聚类分析表明,抱龙河和汤溪河、童庄河和大宁河、咤溪河和黄金河、磨刀溪和小江、大溪河和官渡河、龙河与梨香溪、御临河与綦江、龙溪河与长滩溪的种类相似度较高;物种多样性分析表明,Shannon-Wiener指数变动在0.6365～2.9329,平均为1.6120;Margalef指数变动在0.6266～5.3074,平均为2.2976。本研究旨在为三峡库区水环境预警平台的建立提供必要的信息和技术支撑。

Study on Community Structure of Macro-invertebrates in Tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir

Macro-invertebrates samples were collected in 26 major tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir region in April,2010.A total of 97 species were recorded,including 78 species of aquatic insects,10 species of mollusks,and 6 species of Oligochaeta.Common species occurred in 26 tributaries mainly included Ephemeridae sp.,Ephemerellidae sp.,Baetis sp.,Caenis sp.,Choroterpes sp.,Ecdyonurus sp.,Othacladius sp.and Thieneminimyia sp..The average density was 673.22 ind./m2,while the average biomass was 9.9398 g/m2.The result of MDS analysis showed that the locations of Yulinhe River,Longxihe River,Changtanxi River and Jialingjiang River were far away from the other 22 rivers.Clustering analysis result showed that there was high species similarity between Baolonghe River and Tongxihe River,as well as Tongzhuanghe River and Dalinghe River,Zhaxihe River and Huangjinhe River,Modaoxi River and Xiaojiang River,Daxihe River and Guanduhe River,Longhe River and Lixiangxi River,Yulinghe River and Qijiang River,Longxihe River and Changtanxi River.Biodiversity analysis results showed that Shannon-Wiener indexes ranged from 0.6365 to 2.9329,averating at 1.6120,while Margalef indexes ranged from 0.6266 to 5.3074,averaging at 2.2976.