扎龙湿地自然保护区大型底栖动物群落特征的分析

松嫩平原上的扎龙湿地自然保护区是我国第一个丹顶鹤等大型水禽和湿地生态类型的国家级自然保护区。笔者于2008年春、夏和秋三季对扎龙湿地大型底栖动物群落特征与生物多样性进行了系统的调查研究。结果表明：扎龙湿地底栖动物主要由节肢动物门、软体动物门和环节动物门组成,共计93种（属）;春节物种数最高（64种）,秋季次之（54种）,夏季最少（38种）。大型底栖动物群落的Margalef物种丰富度指数（d）、Shan-non-wiener指数（H）＇和Pielou均匀度指数（J）都是春季最高,夏季最低;夏季Sinnpson优势度指数（D）最高,秋季次之,春季最低。

The Characteristics of Macrobenthos Community in Zhalong Wetland Nature Reserve

The benthic fauna and biodiversity surveys were carried out in Zhalong Nature Reserve located in the Songnen Plain,the first nature reserve for red-crowned cranes and other large waterfowls and wetland ecosystems,in the spring,summer and autumn of 2008.The results showed that the benthic fauna were composed of Arthropoda,Mollusca and Annelida,and a total of 93 species(genera) were observed in Zhalong Wetland.The maximal number of macrobenthos species was found in spring and autumn months,and the minimal number of species in summer.The Margalef species richness index(d),Shannon-wiener index(H’) and Pielou evenness index(J) for the benthic fauna were found to be the maximum in spring and the minimum in summer;Sinnpson dominance index(D),however,was found to be the maximum in summer,followed by in autumn,and the minimum in spring.