大连海域刺参原产地大型底栖动物群落结构调查及修复策略

2014年6月,按照海洋资源调查规范,调查北黄海大连沿岸的刺参Apostichopus japonicas原产区中的旅顺口区塔河湾附近海域和大连金州新区城山头海滨地貌保护区海域内大型底栖动物的种类、密度、生物量,计算优势种、生物多样性和群落物种相似性,探讨其修复策略。结果表明,两处海域刺参生境大型底栖动物群落结构基本相同,优势种组成相似,优势类群均为软体动物;物种组成因饵料条件及周边海域底质不同呈现差异性分化;两处海域内海星类与刺参的密度比分别约为1∶3和1∶1,海星类与刺参的生物量比值与密度比相同;海星类与海胆类密度比均约为1∶1和3∶1,海星类与刺参及海胆类密度和的比分别为1∶4和1∶1,海胆类与刺参密度比均约为1∶2。根据调查结果认为刺参生境和增养殖区的养护、修复策略为:(1)多种共养,以参为主;(2)控制海星,适度增殖海胆;(3)提高初级生产力,降低污染。

Characteristics of Macrobenthic Community and Restoring Strategy in Native Habitat of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The macrobenthic community including species composition,density,dominant species,and species diversity were investigated in native sea waters of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas in Lvshunkou District and Jinzhou District near Chengshantou coastal landform protection area in Dalian in north Yellow Sea in June 2014.The results showed that there was the same community structure and dominant species in benthic animal habitat of sea cucumber,with dominant species in mollusk.However,there was significant difference in species composition between the surveyed coastal areas due to food conditions and the surrounding difference at the bottom.The density ratio of starfish to sea cucumber was found to be about 1 ∶ 3 in Lvshunkou District and 1 ∶ 1 in Jinzhou District in Dalian,the density ratio of starfish to sea urchins about 1 ∶ 4 in Lvshunkou District and 1 ∶ 1 in Jinzhou District in Dalian and density ratio of sea urchins to sea cucumber about 1 ∶ 2 in Lvshunkou District and Jinzhou District.The survey revealed that the following restoration strategies should be conducted for sea cucumber habitat conservation:(1) multispecies co-culture,with sea cucumber as principal species;(2)multiplication of sea urchins and decrease in starfish density;(3) improvement of primary productivity and reduction in pollution.