花鲈不同养殖群体的遗传结构分析

采集我国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)主要养殖地区山东(青岛市和东营市)、浙江(宁波市)、福建(福鼎市、漳州市梅岭镇、漳州市桥东镇和漳州市东山县)、广东(珠海市斗门区)的86尾个体作为实验对象，结合已报道的花鲈野生群体的遗传研究背景，通过ddRAD简化基因组测序对以上花鲈养殖群体进行遗传结构分析。主成分分析(PCA)与遗传组分分析结果(最佳聚类K值为2)均显示，8个花鲈养殖群体与天津、烟台和文登的野生群体间遗传差异较小，表明我国花鲈养殖群体主要为黄、渤海种质来源。8个养殖群体间遗传分化分析结果显示，福建漳州梅岭镇和桥东镇的2个养殖群体与其他养殖群体间出现显著的遗传差异，表明所检测的养殖群体内部也出现了一定程度的分化。本研究结果可为我国从山东到广东(从北到南)的花鲈养殖群体遗传结构分析提供参考，为后续花鲈种质资源的保护、育种工作提供依据。

Genetic structure analysis of different populations of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

The 86 spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) used as experimental subjects were collected from eight main cultured populations, namely Shandong Province (Qingdao and Dongying), Zhejiang Province (Ningbo), Fujian Province (Fuding, Meiling Town of Zhangzhou, Qiaodong Town of Zhangzhou, and Dongshan Town of Zhangzhou), and Guangdong (Doumen District of Zhuhai). Based on the reported genetic background of wild populations of spotted sea bass, we conducted a genetic structure analysis on the eight cultured populations using the double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA tag sequencing and simplified genome sequencing analysis technology. The results of a principal component analysis and genetic ancestry analysis (the best clustering K value is 2) showed that there was little genetic divergence between the eight cultured populations and the wild populations of Tianjin, Yantai, and Wendeng in Shandong Province, indicating that the germplasm sources for cultured spotted sea bass are mainly the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The results of the genetic differentiation analysis among the eight cultured populations showed that there was significant genetic divergence between the Meiling Town and Qiaodong Town populations in Zhangzhou and other cultured populations, indicating that a certain degree of differentiation appeared within the identified cultured populations. The results provide a reference for the analysis of the genetic structure of cultured spotted sea bass populations from Shandong to Guangdong (north to south), and provide a basis for the protection and improvement of spotted sea bass germplasm resources and breeding of spotted sea bass.