东、黄海黄鮟鱇的摄食习性及其随发育的变化

2008年5月～2009年2月,对东、黄海663尾黄鱼安鱼康的胃含物及其随发育的变化进行了研究。结果表明,黄鱼安鱼康摄取的食物有120余种,主要食物类群为硬骨鱼类和长尾类,主要食物种类有小黄鱼、短鳄齿鱼、细条天竺鱼、发光鲷和带鱼。在黄海南部、东海北部和东海南部3个区域,黄鱼安鱼康的摄食强度变化不显著,而食物组成具有显著差异;体长在45～650mm之间的6个体长组,黄鱼安鱼康的摄食强度变化也不显著,但食物组成差别较大,食物种类随黄鱼安鱼康体长的增加有显著的变化。食物多样性指数、食物种类和食物重量范围都随体长的增加而变化。其食物组成的聚类分析结果将黄鱼安鱼康的6个体长组分为两组,一组体长小于250mm,另一组体长大于250mm。

Feeding habits and ontogenetic variation of Lophius litulon in East China Sea and Yellow Sea

Lophius litulon is an important benthic fish species which distributes in the northwest Pacific. From May 2008 to February 2009,a total of 663 L. litulon samples at body lengths of 45～650 mm were collected from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Based on the stomach content analysis, feeding habits and ontogenetic variation of L. litulon were investigated by chi-squared test, one-way ANOVA test, and cluster analysis. More than 120 species of prey were ingested by L. litulon. Osteichthyes and Natantia were the major important prey groups. At species level, the dominant preys were Pseudosciaena polyactis,Champsodon capensis, Apogonichthys lineatus, Acropoma japonicum, and Trichiurus haumela.No significant difference was found for feeding intensity between different regions or different size-groups, but the diet composition was significantly different among three regions in ingestion of Osteichthyes and Natantia, and significant ontogenetic differences among the ingestion of Crangon affinis, Palaemon gravieri, A. japonicum, P. polyactis, and T. haumela. Cluster analysis on ontogenetic variation revealed two major groups, one group consisting of L.litulon at body lengths shorter than 250 mm, the other group at BL longer than 250 mm. The food diversity index, diet composition, and food weight of prey species varied with the increasing of body length. Thus, it can be concluded that ontogenetic diet composition variation follows the "optimal foraging theory".