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循环水养殖系统生物滤器负荷挂膜技术
作者姓名:朱建新  刘 慧  徐 勇  陈世波  刘圣聪  张 涛  曲克明
作者单位:[1]农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266041; [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306; [3]大连天正实业发展有限公司,大连116011
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD13B04)、(2011BAD13B07)共同资助
摘    要:循环水养殖系统启动运行前往往需要经过一段时间的生物膜预培养,使生物膜达到成熟稳定,从而保证系统的水质净化功能。本研究通过养殖试验,研究了生物滤器负荷挂膜的技术方法,以期实现生物膜的快速成熟和系统的快速启动。为此,构建了6组循环水系统组成的养殖车间,建成后立即投入试验生产。试验为期120 d,养殖种类为红鳍东方鲀,初始放养平均体重(632.5±2.26)g。期间,红鳍东方鲀平均增重29.91%,养殖成活率98.7%,养殖密度由(19.34±1.89)kg/m3增加到(32.17±3.40)kg/m3,投饵率由0.2%增加到0.5%–0.7%,每日换水量由50%逐渐减至10%。结果表明,在生物膜的生长期,通过对投饵量及新水补充量的有效调节,可以把养殖水体中的氨氮和亚硝氮浓度控制在安全范围以内,以保证养殖鱼类的生长。生物膜在50天左右达到完全成熟,此后便可依靠生物膜的净化作用将氨氮浓度控制在0.5?1.2 mg/L、亚硝氮浓度控制在0.2?0.5 mg/L、pH值控制在6.5–7.5、COD值低于4 mg/L、细菌总数控制在800–2100 cell/ml的安全范围内。利用生物滤器负荷挂膜技术,在合理调控水质指标的条件下,循环水养殖系统建成后可以立即投入生产,实现生物滤器挂膜与养殖生产的同步进行。

关 键 词:循环水养殖系统  负荷挂膜  水质指标  红鳍东方鲀
收稿时间:2013/9/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/1/24 0:00:00

Dual-Culture Techniques for the Rapid Start-up of Recirculating Aquaculture System
Institution:ZHU Jianxin, LIU Hui, XU Yong, CHEN Shibo, LIU Shengcong, ZHANG Tao, QU Keming (1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266041; 2. College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306; 3. Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Dalian 116011)
Abstract:Recently recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) has become popular in large scale land-based aquaculture in China because of its high productivity, less water consumption, better control on the effluent and pollutants, and lower demand for land space. The function of RAS relies largely on the efficiency and stability of the bio-filters which need to be carefully cultured and maintained throughout the culture period. The conventional start-up of RAS usually takes about 70 days before the pre-cultured biofilm maturates for the steady high-capacity water purification. In this study, a technique for the rapid maturation of a bio-filter and RAS start-up was developed through dual-culture of the biofilm and finfish Takifugu rubripes. The experiment was carried out in a newly-built workshop with 6 separate RASs. Each RAS consisted of 9 fish culture tanks. Each tank had a volume of 48.4 m^3 and included parts shown below: 1) a model 316 L stainless steel bend sieve with a surface area of 5 m2; 2) a centrifugal pump with a water flow volume of 400 m^3/h; 3) a submersible air pump with an air-production volume of 35 m^3/h; 4) an ozone generator with an ozone-production capacity of 50 g/h; 5) three bio-filters with a volume of 144 m^3 each; 6) a suspended UV disinfector with the power of 2 kW; 7) an aeration tank with a volume of 10 m^3. T.rubripes with the initial body weight of(632.5±2.26) g were transferred into the tanks with the density of(19.34±1.89) kg/m^3 in the beginning and were cultured for 120 days. During this period, their body weight increased by 29.91% to a final value of(821.72±3.26) g; the survival rate was 98.7%; the stocking density of the fish increased to(32.17±3.40) kg/m^3; daily feeding rate increased from 0.2% to 0.5%-0.7%; and the daily water exchange rate decreased from 50% to 10%. Observations mentioned above indicated the good growth and maturation of the bio-filters. Through the proper control of daily feeding rate and water exchange rate, good water quali
Keywords:Recirculating aquaculture system  Biofilm dual-culture techniques  Water quality  Takifugu rubripes
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