舟山群岛以东沿岸海域虾类资源状况及其多样性分析

依据2018年4月和11月在舟山群岛以东沿岸海域开展的渔业资源调查所获得的虾类资料，应用相对重要性指数公式、生物多样性指数、ABC曲线等方法，对虾类的种类组成、物种多样性、优势种、种类的空间分布、丰度/生物量等进行研究。经鉴定，本次调查共捕获虾类32种，隶属于10科21属。春季(4月)出现的虾类共有22种，隶属于9科16属；秋季(11月)共有29种虾类，隶属于9科20属，出现种类较多。两季共出现虾类19种。秋季虾类的种类数高于春季，秋季有哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)和中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis) 2种优势种，春季无优势种出现。秋季生物多样性指数与丰富度指数的平均值高于春季，而均匀度指数则相反，秋季小于春季。ABC曲线的W值春季小于0，秋季大于0，表明春季群落结构受到较大程度的干扰，秋季群落结构受到干扰的程度较小。春、秋季ABC曲线末端均有重叠，表明舟山群岛以东沿岸海域虾类群落遭到一定程度的破坏。

Current Status and Diversity Analysis of the Shrimp Resources in Coastal Waters East of the Zhoushan Islands

In order to assess the current diversity and status of shrimp resources in the coastal waters east of the Zhoushan Islands, data was collected and shrimp fishery resources were investigated from April and November 2018. We used the relative importance index, biodiversity index, and ABC stock curve to identify prawn class based on species composition, biodiversity, dominant species, the spatial distribution of species, and abundance/biomass. The results showed that a total of 32 shrimp species distributed across one order, ten families, and 21 genera, were captured and identified in coastal waters east of the Zhoushan Islands. In the spring, 22 shrimp species were observed, which belonged to nine families and 16 genera. Twenty-nine shrimp species were observed in the fall season, belonging to nine families and 20 genera. There were 19 shrimp species in common between the spring and fall. The number of shrimp species in fall was higher than that of spring, and the dominant species in fall included Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, and Solenocera crassicornis; however, no dominant species was found in spring. The mean value of the biodiversity index and richness index in fall were higher than those in spring, while the evenness index was lower in fall than in spring. The W value of the ABC curve was negative in the spring and positive in the fall. This indicates that the community structure in the spring was greatly disturbed, while that in the fall was less disturbed. In spring and fall, the end of the ABC curve overlapped, showing that the shrimp communities in the coastal waters east of the Zhoushan Islands were certainly polluted to some extent.