我国水产养殖设施模式发展研究

作为世界水产养殖大国,我国的养殖设施模式要走上可持续发展的轨道,应该在为健康养殖提供进一步保障的前提下,更加注重系统在"节水、节地、节能、减排"方面的功效。养殖池塘、流水型养殖设施、循环水养殖设施和网箱养殖设施是我国集约化养殖的主要设施模式。这些设施在发挥巨大生产力的同时,在养殖水环境控制、水资源利用、生产系统效益、系统对环境的影响等方面,不同程度地存在着问题或矛盾,没能发挥出现代设施系统在健康养殖和产业可持续发展上应有的作用。本文在对以上4种主要养殖设施模式进行分析的基础上,结合养殖设施科技领域的研究成果,提出未来我国水产养殖设施模式的发展方向以及需要解决的重大科技问题,包括池塘工程化生态养殖设施、节水型养殖设施、经济型循环水养殖设施、系统化深水网箱养殖设施等4种发展模式。

Study on the development of aquaculture facilities model in China

As an important country of the aquaculture farming in the world,how the aquaculture facilities model of china walking up the orbit of sustainable development,it needs pay more attention to the system efficiency in the respect of "saving water,economizing on land and energy,and release reduction" under the premise of the further guarantee for the healthy farming.Pond culture,flowing water fish culture,recirculating aquaculture system(RAS),and the net cage culture are the main intensive aquaculture facilities model in china.These facilities didn't bring into play their function on healthy farming and sustainable development at the time of exerting huge productivity,because of the existence of outstanding problems or contradiction to some extent in the control of aquaculture water,the water resource utilization,the efficiency of the production system,and environment influence,etc.Basing on the analysis of the four above mentioned farming facilities,and combining with the latest important research achievement in aquaculture facilities field,this paper points out the development direction of the aquaculture model in china and the important technology problems need to be solved,including the four development model as follows: pond ecoengineering aquaculture facilities,water saving aquaculture facilities,economical RAS,and systematic deep sea net cage farming facilities.