对虾高位池中央排污口装置排污效果研究

高位池通常采用中央排污口排污,排污口上的排污装置是高位池的重要部件,其构造直接影响排污效果,是高位池养殖成败的重要因素。为解决传统排污口排污易堵塞和无法吸排底部沉积物的问题,研制了侧排式排污口装置SC-1、SC-2和顶排式排污口装置SD-1,在生产中应用并实测其排污效果。试验采用分时段测定排出口流速和总氮的方法,研究3种新型排污口的应用效果。结果显示,在养殖前期,SC-1型和SC-2型排污口装置的排污性能均优于SD-1,侧排式排污口装置的单次累计排氮量比顶排式的提高18.9%(P0.05)。通过改进中央排污口装置构造,可显著提高排污效率。研究表明,侧排式排污口装置对构建低换水率高位池对虾养殖模式、实现低换水量养殖,具有积极意义。

Study on the effects of central draining outlet device in higher-place prawn ponds

Central draining is often adopted in higher-place aquaculture ponds, and as an important part of the higher-place pond aquaculture system, the draining device at the draining outlet directly affects the draining effects, and thereby affects the success or failure of higher-place aquaculture. In order to solve the problems of traditional draining outlet such as easy blocking and incapability in the suction of pond bottom deposit, a new side-discharge outlet device of SC-1 and SC-2 types, and a top-discharge outlet device SD-1 are designed and tested for the draining effects in actual production. Experiment was conducted to measure the flow velocity and total nitrogen at the draining outlet at different time intervals, and the draining effects of the three new types were studied. The results showed that, at the earlier stage of aquaculture, the draining performance of SC-1 type and SC-2 type draining outlets remarkably preceded the SD-1 type; the total nitrogen draining amount in single count of the side-discharge outlet device was 18.9%(P<0.05)higher than that of the top-discharge type. With the improving of the structure of the central draining outlet, the draining efficiency was significantly enhanced. The research shows that, side-discharge outlet device is of much significance to reduce water exchange rate in higher-place pond prawn culture and achieve the lower water exchange rate aquaculture.