紫海胆黄基本营养成分的分析与评价

为了测定紫海胆黄中的营养成分,并对其营养价值进行系统分析及合理评价,采用国家标准的生化测定方法以及美国化学分析方法(AOAC)检测海胆黄中的水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质。结果显示:海胆黄粉中水分含量(5.29±0.02)%,粗灰分(8.69±0.03)%,粗蛋白质(60.36±0.04)%,粗脂肪(25.32±0.09)%,总糖含量(0.044±0.002)mg/100 g;共检出18种氨基酸,总含量(46.50±0.89)%;谷氨酸含量最高,为(5.57±0.11)%;必须氨基酸占总氨基酸的(37.75±0.01)%;主要的限制氨基酸是色氨酸和亮氨酸;药效氨基酸占氨基酸总量的46.86%;蛋白质氨基酸评分(AAS)0.8,化学评分(CS)0.5;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为77.86;共检出30种脂肪酸,EPA(二十碳五烯酸)+DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)含量(2.43±005)%;海胆黄富含钾、磷、钠、镁、铁、锌等矿物质元素;常量元素中,磷元素含量最高,为(1 432.27±8.91)mg/100 g;微量元素中,锌元素含量最高,为(13.13±0.09)mg/100 g。研究表明,海胆黄中蛋白质含量丰富,氨基酸种类多、比例合理,脂质含量高且富含EPA、DHA等多不饱和脂肪酸,矿物质含量丰富。

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional composition of sea urchin ( Anthocidaris crassispina) gonad

To determine the nutritional composition of sea urchin gonad and systematically analyze and reasonably evaluate its national value, the nutritional standard biochemical assay method and Association of Official Analytical Chemists ( AOAC) method were used to determine the moisture,crude ash,crude protein, crude fat,total sugar, amino acid, fatty acid, and minerals in sea urchin gonad. The results showed that, the moisture content was (5.29±0.02)%,crude ash (8.69±0.03)%,crude protein (51.31±0.09)%,crude fat (25.32±0.09)% and carbohydrate (0.044±0.002) mg/100 g;18 kinds of amino acids were detected with a total content of (46.50±0.89)%,the most predominant amino acid was glutamic acid,being (5.57±0. 11)%, and the essential amino acids accounted for (37.75±0.01)% of the total amino acids.The main limiting amino acids were tryptophan and leucine,and medicinal qualities of amino acids accounted for 46. 86% of the total amino acids.The evaluation scores were AAS>0. 8, CS>0. 5, and the essential amino acid index EAAI was 77.86.Thirty kinds of fatty acids were found in sea urchin gonad,the content of EPA and DHA was (2.43± 0. 05)%;it was rich with mineral elements such as K,P,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,etc..Among the major elements P was the highest in content with (1432.27±8.91)mg/100g and Zn was the highest in the major trace elements being (13.13±0.09)mg/100g.The research indicates that sea urchin gonad is rich in protein,with many kinds of amino acids in reasonable proportion,high content of EPA and DHA as well as rich minerals.