鱼类保活运输技术研究现状及展望

安全高效的保活运输是保持鱼类鲜度的有效方式,既能满足消费者的需求,又可以提高企业的经济效益。介绍了有水运输和无水运输两种鱼类保活运输的技术方法,并对两种方法的优劣点进行了比较;阐述了鱼体体质、温度、水质(pH、溶氧、氨氮和代谢废物浓度)以及其他因素对鱼类运输存活率的影响;最后提出了现阶段鱼类保活运输存在的一些问题和应对措施,并对其发展前景进行了展望。根据对现有文献资料进行的分析,认为利用生态冰温法辅以二氧化碳作为麻醉剂进行无水运输将是今后鱼类保活运输研究和应用的重点。此外,开发无氧保活运输方法及相应的高效运输装备也应重点关注。这些都将有助于实现我国渔业现代化的更快发展。

Current situation and prospects of live fish transport technology

Safe and efficient live transportation is an effective way to keep the freshness of fish,which could better meet the needs of the consumers while increasing the economic benefit of the enterprises.In this paper, two kinds of live transport,i.e.water or water-less transport were reviewed,the advantages and disadvantages of the two transportation methods were compared,the effects of fish body constitution,temperature,water quality ( pH,dissolved oxygen,ammonia-nitrogen and metabolic concentration) and other factors on the survival rate of the transported fish were elaborated,and then some problems existing in live fish transport were pointed out and the countermeasures proposed.Through the analysis of the available data,it is believed that the water-less transportation using ecological ice temperature supplemented with carbon dioxide as an anesthetic would be the focus of future research and application;in addition,the development of anaerobic live transport and the related high-efficient transport equipment also need special attention;and all these will contribute to the faster development of China's fisheries modernization.