一种自行研制的养殖水原位净化装置的应用效果试验

基于硝化细菌、聚磷菌等微生物种群分布于自然水体中,且喜欢吸附在固体表面形成生物膜,吸收水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、磷等营养成分进行繁殖和生长的生物学原理,研制了一个由支架浮力系统、微生物附着基、上升流系统、锁磷区和光伏发电系统5部分组成的圆柱形(半径75 cm、高100 cm)养殖水原位净化装置。试验结果显示:生物膜建成后,装置在1 mg/L、3 mg/L和5 mg/L氨氮质量浓度组的淡水(水温22~25℃)和海水(水温27~31℃)中,日消减氨氮量分别为304.587 g、283.748 g、314.753 g和247.274 g、261.756 g、282.721 g,日消减淡水和海水中总磷量分别为0.485 g、0.427 g、0.462 g和0.566 g、0.595 g、0.493 g,显示出较强的氨氮和总磷的消减能力。日氨氮消减量差异性,淡水3个质量浓度组间不显著(P>0.05),海水3个质量浓度组间显著(P<0.05)。日总磷消减量差异性,淡水3个质量浓度组间、海水3个质量浓度组间均不显著(P>0.05)。该装置具有较强的氨氮和磷的消减能力和使用方法简单、运行成本低等特点,可在水产养殖尾水净化处理中推广使用。

Application effect test of self-developed in-situ purification device for aquaculture water

Based on the biology principle that microbial populations such as nitrifying bacteria and poly-P bacteria are distributed in natural waters and like to adsorb on the solid surface to form biofilm and absorb ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,phosphorus and other nutrients to reproduce and grow,a cylindrical(R=75 cm,H=100 cm)in-situ purification device for aquaculture water composed of a bracket buoyancy system,a microbial attachment base,an upwelling system,a phosphorus fixing zone and a photovoltaic power generation system was developed.The results showed that upon the completion of biofilm,in the device with fresh water(22-25℃)and seawater(27-31℃)in which the ammonia nitrogen concentration was 1 mg/L,3 mg/L and 5 mg/L,the daily reduction of ammonia nitrogen was respectively 304.587 g,283.748 g,314.753g and 247.274 g,261.756 g,282.721 g,and the daily reduction of total phosphorus was respectively 0.485 g,0.427 g,0.462 g and 0.566 g,0.595 g,0.493 g,showing strong reduction ability of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.The daily reduction of ammonia nitrogen was not significantly different among the 3 fresh water groups(P>0.05)but significant among the 3 seawater groups(P<0.05).The daily reduction of total phosphorus was not significantly different among the 3 fresh water groups and among the 3 seawater groups(P>0.05).The device has such characteristics as strong ability of reducing ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus,simple operation method and low operating cost,and can be promoted and used in aquaculture water purification.