双台子河口两种滩涂埋栖性贝类的营养价值及安全性分析评价

为全面评价文蛤和四角蛤蜊的营养价值和食用安全性,采用常规方法对这两种滩涂埋栖性贝类的一般营养成分和Cd、As、Cr及Hg等重金属含量进行了分析。结果显示,文蛤和四角蛤蜊的粗蛋白质含量均较高,分别为58.24和57.38 g/100 g;灰分含量分别为18.35和25.39 g/1 00 g;粗脂肪含量均较低。文蛤和四角蛤蜊氨基酸总量分别为44.87和37.20 g/100 g,其中必需氨基酸含量分别为18.39和15.16 g/100 g,呈味氨基酸含量分别为18.89和15.58 g/100 g。文蛤和四角蛤蜊中Cd的含量最高,Hg的含量最低。研究表明,文蛤及四角蛤蜊均为营养价值、经济价值较高的滩涂埋栖性贝类,且文蛤在蛋白质、氨基酸组成与含量方面更优。文蛤和四角蛤蜊中Cr、Hg符合我国《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》等卫生要求,而Cd、As含量超标。文蛤和四角蛤蜊中的重金属含量可能对人体存在一定的摄食健康风险。

Nutritional composition and edible safety analysis of two estuarine bivalve clams, Meretrix meretrix and Mactra veneriformis in Shuangtaizi Estuary

In order to understand the nutrient characteristics of Meretrix meretrix and Mactra veneriformis, the general nutrients (crude protein, crude fat and crude ash), amino acids, as well as heavy metals (Cd, As, Cr, and Hg) in edible part of these two clams were investigated. The results showed that the crude protein content (58.24 g/100 g) and crude fat (5.93 g/100 g) in M. meretrix was similar to those in M. veneriformis (57.38 g/100 g, and 6.18 g/100 g). The polysaccharides content in M. meretrix is approximately three times as high as that in M. veneriformis. The crude ash contents in M. meretrix and M. veneriformis were 18.35 g/100 g and 25.39 g/100 g, respectively. In dry sample, the total amino acids content was up to 44.87 g/100 g in M. meretrix and 37.20 g/100 g in M. veneriformis. Meanwhile, contents of the essential amino acids and delicious amino acids in M. meretrix (18.39 g/100 g, 18.89 g/100 g) were higher than those in M. veneriformis (15.16 g/100 g, 15.58 g/100 g). The ratio of essential amino acids content to total amino acids was close in both buried clams and more than 40%. Among four heavy metals including Cd, As, Cr, and Hg, the Cd exhibited the highest content. The content of Cd was 5.40 mg/kg in M. meretrix and 6.3 mg/kg in M. veneriformis. It was found that the contents of Cr and Hg in M. meretrix and M. veneriformis were lower than the standard for the toxic substance in the non-environmental pollution aquatic products and other limit standards. Whereas, Cd and As contents in both estuarine buried clams were higher than the standard. Based on the PMTDI health risk evaluation model, the contents of heavy metals in both buried clams posed no health risk to humans. In conclusion, the results suggest that M. meretrix and M. veneriformis are both suitable for diet and delicious additives. Furthermore, M. meretrix is a more ideal protein source for humans given the composition and content of protein and amino acid.