我国渔业节能减排研究与发展建议

在实地采样调研和数据分析的基础上,得出我国每年海洋捕捞渔船的燃油消耗为637万t,其中拖网和刺网渔船分别占58.8%和22.2%,是渔船燃油消耗的主体；推算出每年渔船总燃油消耗为790万t,渔业生产领域总能源消耗为1 754万t标准煤,其中水产捕捞、养殖和加工所占的比重分别为66%、21%和13%,并以万元产值能耗为指标对渔业及其主要领域的能源利用水平进行比较分析。在对渔业节能减排总体水平进行全面分析的基础上,指出降低渔业能耗的主要领域是拖网渔船和刺网渔船,控制渔业排放的主要领域是池塘养殖和工厂化养殖；标准化渔船技术、玻璃钢渔船技术、循环水养殖技术等是推进渔业节能减排的主要技术支撑；参考国外渔业节能减排技术状况,提出发展目标和主要措施等方面的建议。

The research and development proposals on fishery energy saving and emission reduction in China

According to the field sampling survey and data analysis,the fuel consumption of China marine fishing vessels is 6.37 million tons per year,trawler and gillnetter are the major fuel consumers,and account for 58.8% and 22.2% in fuel consumption respectively; the calculated total fuel consumption of China fishing vessels is 7.90 million tons per year,the total energy consumption in the field of fishery production amounts to 17.54 million tons of Standard Coal Equivalent,in which fishing,aquaculture and aquatic products processing account for 66%,21% and 13% respectively.Using per 10 000 YUAN production value as the indicator,the level of energy utilization of fishery and its major areas were analyzed comparatively.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the overall level of China fishery energy saving & emission reduction,this paper pointed out that the main areas for the reduction of energy consumption is trawler and gillnetter,and the main area for controlling fishery discharge is pond culture and industrial aquaculture; and the standardized fishing vessel technology,GFRP fishing vessel technology and recirculating aquaculture technology are the main technical supports to promote fishery energy saving & emission reduction.This paper also introduces the general situation of the energy saving technologies and measures in European fishing industry,and puts forward the proposals for the fishery development objectives and key measures.