添加芽孢杆菌对池塘中理化因子和细菌群落结构的影响分析

为研究添加芽孢杆菌对池塘水体理化因子和细菌群落结构的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了实验组(添加芽孢杆菌池塘)与对照组(普通池塘)水体和底泥细菌群落结构,同时分析了两种池塘水体和底泥的理化指标。结果显示,8、9月实验组池塘水体中TN、NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量显著低于对照组,底泥中的NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP含量显著高于对照组。实验组池塘水体中发酵单胞菌属(Zymomonas)、玫瑰单胞菌(Roseomonas)、脱氯单胞菌(Dechloromonas)和噬几丁质菌属(Chitinophaga)细菌丰度显著高于对照组。在这些细菌群落中,脱氯单胞菌、噬几丁质菌属有去除硝酸盐的作用,发酵单胞菌属、玫瑰单胞菌具有脱氮的功能。实验组池塘水体Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著高于对照组。水体中优势细菌群落中的噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)、Geothermobacter、Haliscomenobacter与硝酸盐、总磷呈负相关性,与氨氮、总氮呈正相关性。研究表明,通过向池塘添加芽孢杆菌,可以改变水体中细菌群落的结构,从而实现对池塘理化因素的调节。研究结果为降低水产养殖尾水对水域环境的污染具有一定的借鉴意义。

Analysis of the effect of adding Bacillus on the physicochemical factors and bacterial community structure in ponds

In order to study the effect of adding Bacillus in the pond on the physicochemical factors and bacterial community structure, high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community structure in water and sediment of the experimental group (adding Bacillus in pond) and the control group (without adding). At the same time, the physicochemical parameters in water and sediment of the two groups were collected. The results indicated that the contents of TN, ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N, ${\rm NO}_3^-$-N in water were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), but the contents of ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N, ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N, TN and TP in sediment were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The abundance of Chlamydomonas debaryana, Zymomonas, Roseomonas, Dechloromonas and Chitinophaga in water of the experimental group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Among these bacterial communities, Dechloromonas and Chitinophaga have the function of removing ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N, and Zymomonas and Roseomonas have the function of denitrification. The Chao1 and Shannon indexes in water of the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Hydrogenophaga, Geothermobacter and Haliscomenobacter were negatively correlated with ${\rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N and TP, and positively correlated with ${\rm{NH}}_4^ + $-N and TN. Above all, these results showed that adding Bacillus to the pond would lead to the variations of bacterial community structure, thus realizing the regulation of physicochemical factors in the pond. And the results are useful for reducing the pollution of aquaculture tail water to water environment.