澳洲鲭太平洋群系的资源评估与管理策略

澳洲鲭是西北太平洋重要的经济种类,了解和掌握澳洲鲭太平洋群系资源开发状况对确保其可持续利用具有重要的意义。根据日本中央水产研究所提供的1995—2015年澳洲鲭太平洋群系的生产统计和资源调查资料,利用基于年龄结构的实际种群模型和单位补充量产量模型等进行资源量评估,分析澳洲鲭太平洋群系资源利用情况及其管理策略。结果显示,历年澳洲鲭太平洋群系资源量虽有波动但仍保持在较高水平,2015年资源量最高约为65万t;年平均捕捞死亡系数呈波动下降趋势,2015年捕捞死亡系数只有0.15,近五年平均捕捞死亡系数Fcur=0.33,单位补充量亲体量是未开发时的32.7%,不存在生长型捕捞过度,也不存在补充型捕捞过度,处于可持续开发状态。研究还探讨了水温变化引起自然死亡波动以及不同开捕年龄对澳洲鲭太平洋群系资源状况的影响。研究表明,该渔业目前开发和利用程度合理,建议使用F0.1做为管理参考点进行渔业资源的管理。

Management and assessment of spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) biomass in the Pacific Ocean

Spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) is an important economic species in northwest Pacific. The paper evaluates the Pacific stock biomass by age structure virtual population analysis (VPA) and yield per recruit model, and analyses the utilization of stock biomass by using the mackerel catch and CPUE data of the Pacific group which is supplied by Japan''s central fisheries research institute from 1995 to 2015. The results show that the biomass of spotted mackerel remains at a high level. The stock biomass is about 650000 tons in 2015, the average fishing mortality shows a trend of falling volatility and fishing mortality of 2015 is 0.15, the current fishing mortality (F_cur) is 0.33, the spawning potential ratio (SPR) remains 36.5%. There is no growth overfishing and recruitment overfishing. It is also discussed that the fluctuations of natural mortality caused by water temperature change and different fishing age affect the resources of spotted mackerel. The study suggests that the fishery is currently utilized in the sustainable way and has great potential for development. It also suggests that the fishery resources could be developed and utilized by using the management reference point F_0.1.