水晶彩鲫、红鲫、锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交子代的生长和体色研究

利用人工授精的方法，进行水晶彩鲫、红鲫、锦鲤和荷包红鲤的相互杂交试验，测定各个杂交组合子代的成活率、生长速度和体色分离比例。结果表明：4种鱼能够相互杂交受精，孵出鱼苗。孵化率锦鲤自交最低为46．4％，其它组合为70％～80％；杂交鱼苗经28d的人工饲养，水晶彩鲫与荷包红鲤、锦鲤的正、反杂交，同其它杂交组合比较有明显的差别，其生长速度慢，个体之间差异大，成活率低；杂交子代的体型分为3类：鲫鱼型、鲤鱼型和鲤鲫型。鳞片反光组织(虹彩细胞或鸟粪素细胞)为2类：完全型、缺失型。体色分离复杂多样，水晶彩鲫与红鲫杂交是水晶彩鲫，红鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交是青灰色鲤鲫杂种，水晶彩鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交都会出现水晶彩色和青灰色鲤鲫杂种。

Growth and body color of hybrids produced between transparent color crucian carp, red crucian carp , ornamental carp and red purse carp

By artificial fertilization, some mutual-cross experiments were conducted among transparent color crucian carp, red crucian carp, ornamental carp and red purse carp to detect the survival rates, growth speeds and body color separations of hybrids. The results indicated that the four kinds of carps can be crossed each other, and produce fries, with which the lowest hatching rate of self-crosses for ornamental carps is 46.4%, whereas 70%-80% for other combinations. After artificial feeding for 28 days, there were remarkable differences among hybrids in which the hybrids of transparent color crucian carp and red purse carp and ornamental carp by direct and reciprocal crosses had the slower growth and the lower survival rate than others. There were three body shapes of hybrids which were common carp body and intermediate body. The scale refractive tissues (rainbow cell or guanophore ) were divided into two types which were complete presence and absence. Interestingly, it was more complex and diverse in color separations. The hybrids produced by crosses between transparent color crucian carp and red crucian carp were transparent color. However, the hybrids were gray color when red crucian carp crossed with ornamental carp and red purse carp; while there were two kinds of colors in hybrids when transparent color crucian carp crossed with the same two carps as red crucian carp.