池塘和稻田养殖模式对金边鲤和建鲤肌肉品质的影响

分析了稻田和池塘养殖模式下金边鲤和建鲤肌肉营养成分、理化特性和质构特性,并进行营养价值评价,评估金边鲤的肌肉品质,为开发和推广金边鲤稻田养殖提供数据依据。结果显示,稻田金边鲤的粗脂肪、粗灰分和系水力均显著高于池塘金边鲤;稻田建鲤和池塘建鲤的基本营养成分除水分外差异均不显著;稻田金边鲤肌肉的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性显著高于池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤,硬度和恢复性显著高于池塘金边鲤,而内聚性显著低于池塘金边鲤、池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤;测定的17种氨基酸中,4组鱼肉的Lys含量均高于WHO/FAO标准和鸡蛋蛋白标准,稻田金边鲤的∑TAA、∑EAA、∑DAA和∑NEAA均高于池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤,且EAA/TAA比值更接近FAO/WHO要求的40%的标准;稻田和池塘金边鲤的EAAI均超过100分,高于稻田和池塘建鲤(82.31～83.36分);测定出的24种脂肪酸中,稻田金边鲤的∑SFA、∑MUFA和DHA+LA+油酸总量均高于其他3组。研究表明,金边鲤和建鲤鱼肉可作为人体优质的赖氨酸源,稻田金边鲤肌肉比建鲤和池塘金边鲤肌肉更富有嚼劲,其肌肉必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸及高度不饱和脂肪酸含量更高,且组成比例更符合人体需求。稻田养殖金边鲤的肌肉品质优势明显,具有较高的产业开发潜力。

Effects of pond and paddy field culture models on muscle quality of Jinbian carp and Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Differences in fish species and breeding environment can impact fish muscle quality. In this study, both Jinbian carp and Jian carp were farmed in paddy field and pond, and nutritional composition, physical and chemical characteristics and texture characteristics of the muscle of the Jinbian carp and Jian carp were determined and analyzed. Evaluation of the muscle quality of Jinbian carp would provide data basis for the development and promotion of the cultivation of Jinbian carp in paddy field. The results showed that the crude fat, ash content and water holding capacity of Jinbian carp in paddy field were significantly higher than those of Jinbian carp in pond (P<0.05). Except for water content, other basic nutrient composition of Jian carp in pond and rice field had no significant difference(P>0.5).The muscle hardness, springiness and chewiness property of Jinbian carp in paddy field were significantly higher than those of Jinbian carp in pond and paddy field (P<0.05), hardness and Resilience were significantly higher than those of Jinbian carp in pond (P<0.05), and cohesion was significantly lower than that of Jinbian carp and Jian carp in pond (P<0.05). Among the 17 kinds of amino acids in 4 groups of fish, Lys content was higher than WHO/FAO standard and egg protein standard. The contents of total amino acids, total essential amino acids, total fiber amino acids and non-essential amino acids of Jinbian carp in paddy field were higher than those of Jian carp, and the EAA/TAA ratio was closer to the 40% standard required by FAO/WHO. The EAAI of Jinbian carp in pond and paddy field exceeded 100 points, higher than Jinbian carp in pond and paddy (82.31−83.36 points).Among the 24 fatty acids measured, the total amount of saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid and DHA+LA+ oleic acid of Jinbian carp in paddy field was higher than other 3 groups. The results demonstrated that both of Jinbian carp and Jian carp could be used as a prominent lysine source for human body. Jinbian carp in rice field were chewier, and its essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids were higher than those of Jian carp and Jinbian carp in pond, and the proportion of the muscles could better meet the needs of human body. In summary, the muscle quality advantage of Jinbian carp cultured paddy field is obvious, which has higher industrial development potential.