渔业管理理论与中国实践的回顾与展望

渔业管理一直是世界各渔业国家所面临的难题。本文首先分析了中国渔业的特点，指出中国的渔业管理比世界上任何国家都更为复杂、更为困难，描述了中国渔业管理的历史沿革和中国渔业政策的发展脉络，指出在中国的渔业发展中渔业政策对渔业生产始终起着指导和推动的作用，认为中国初步形成了以《中华人民共和国渔业法》为基本框架，层次结构完备，措施有力，不断完善和强化的渔业管理制度。然后，介绍了渔业管理的主要理论，梳理了中国学者对渔业管理研究的主要文献，指出中国通过水产养殖支撑不断增长的水产品消费需求，成功解决了水产品需求与资源环境约束之间的矛盾，对减少捕捞野生渔业资源发挥了重大作用。文章归纳了中国渔业管理的主要制度和措施，并对其效果进行综合评述，认为几十年来，特别是改革开放以来，中国不断引进先进的渔业管理理念，促进养殖业、捕捞业、加工流通业、增殖渔业、休闲渔业等五大产业蓬勃发展，渔业生态环境修复力度不断加大，依法治渔能力显著提升；但是由于中国渔业的特点和渔业的复杂性和不确定性，中国渔业仍存在着一些明显的问题。最后，本文根据相关的渔业发展规划，展望了中国的渔业管理将朝着渔业资源总量控制、强化资源保护及生态修复的方向发展。

Review and prospect of theories of fisheries management and China's practice

Fisheries management has always been a problem facing all fisheries countries worldwide.This article first analyzes the features of the fisheries in China, and points out that our country''s fisheries management tends to be more complex and difficult than any other country in the world. It goes on to describe the history of the China''s fisheries management and the development process of China''s fisheries policies, indicating the role of fisheries policies in guiding and promoting the industrial production during the whole development process. With Fisheries Law of the People''s Republic of China as the basic framework, China is thought to have initially formed a fisheries management system with a complete structure and powerful measures for constant improvement and reinforcement. By introducing main theories in fisheries management and reviewing principal literature on fisheries management studies conducted by Chinese scholars, the article highlights aquaculture management both as the focus of China''s fisheries management and as the core research field of fisheries management in future. Major regimes and measures of China''s fisheries management are summarized, with their corresponding effects being evaluated to a certain extent. China''s continuous introduction of advanced fisheries management philosophies over the past several decades, especially since the reform and opening up, plays an active role in securing the prosperity of the following five industries:aquaculture, fishing, processing and logistics, enhancement, and recreational fisheries; greater efforts are being made in fisheries ecological environment restoration; the capacity of law-based governance in fisheries has been significantly improved. However, due to the characteristics of China''s fisheries as well as the complex and uncertain nature of fisheries itself, certain prominent problems still remain in the country''s fisheries industry. With reference to relevant fisheries development planning, the article concludes with a prospect that China''s fisheries management will be steered towards the total catch control of fisheries resources and the intensification of conservation and ecological restoration of fisheries resources.