配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了解配合饲料和活饵料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、存活和几种酶活性的影响,对用配合饲料和活饵料喂养178 d的刀鲚幼鱼的生长、存活和消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶以及抗氧化酶活性进行分析与比较。结果显示,配合饲料组的最终体长、体质量、成活率、鱼体肥满度和肝指数(分别为125.17 mm、6.27 g、65.73%、0.31 g/cm3和1.4%)显著低于活饵料组(分别为150.66 mm、12.39 g、85.59%、0.36 g/cm3和1.9%),两组鱼的肠长和体长比无显著差异(分别为25.3%和23.6%);两组鱼的肝脏中均未检测出蛋白酶,配合饲料组的幽门盲囊中碱性蛋白酶的活性(43.49 U/mg prot)显著低于活饵料组(86.37 U/mg prot),但两处理组鱼胃中酸性蛋白酶和肠道中碱性蛋白酶的活性均没有显著差异;配合饲料组肠道和幽门盲囊中的淀粉酶活性(分别为196.63和575.93 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(分别为928.91和1 755.90U/g prot),但两处理组鱼肝脏和胃中的淀粉酶活性没有显著差异;两处理组鱼的肝脏和胃中均未检测出脂肪酶,配合饲料组的肠道脂肪酶活性(23.55 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(14.39 U/g prot),但两处理组幽门盲囊中脂肪酶活性(分别为17.90和13.23 U/g prot)没有显著差异;配合饲料组的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(103.44 U/g prot)显著高于活饵料组(58.20 U/g prot),而配合饲料组的肝脏谷草转氨酶(AST/GOT)活性(20.38 U/g prot)显著低于活饵料组(32.51 U/g prot);肝脏中其余被检测的5种酶活性(ACP、ALT/GPT、SOD、GSH-PX和CAT)和血清中被检测的代谢酶(ALT/GPT和AST/GOT)及抗氧化酶(SOD和GSH-PX)活性在两处理组之间均没有显著差异。研究表明,刀鲚能摄食配合饲料,配合饲料组和活饵料组的大多数消化酶、非特异性免疫酶、代谢酶及抗氧化酶活性,没有显著性差异,但配合饲料组的刀鲚生长和成活率远低于活饵料组,建议今后研发和改进刀鲚配合饲料,逐步替代活饵料。

Effects of compound feed and live feed on the growth,survival,and the activities of digestive enzyme,nonspecific immunity enzyme, metabolic enzyme,and antioxidant enzyme of young fish Coilia nasus

Through the investigation and analysis of the growth,survival rate,and the activities of digestive enzyme,nonspecific immunity enzyme,metabolic enzyme,and antioxidant enzyme of young fish Coilia nasus,which were fed with compound feed and live feed for 178 days,the effects of compound feed and live feed on growth,survival,and some enzyme activities of young fish C.nasus were studied.The results show that the final body length,final body weight,survival rate,condition factor,and hepato somatic index of compound feed group(125.17 mm,6.27 g,65.73%,0.31 g/cm³,and 1.4%,respectively)were significantly lower than those of live feed group(150.66 mm,12.39 g,85.59%,0.36 g/cm³,and 1.9%,respectively),while there was no significant difference between the two groups in the ratio of intestine length to body length(25.3% and 23.6%,respectively);No protease was detected in livers of two groups,pyloric caecum alkaline protease activity of compound feed group(43.49 U/mg prot)was significantly lower than those of live feed group(86.37 U/mg prot),while there was no significant difference between the two groups in activities of stomach acid protease and intestine alkaline protease;Amylase activities in intestine and pyloric caecum of compound feed group(196.63 and 575.93 U/g prot,respectively)were significantly lower than that of live feed group(928.91 and 1 755.90 U/g prot,respectively),while there was no significant difference between the two groups in amylase activities in liver and stomach;No lipase was detected in livers and stomachs from compound feed group and live feed group,intestine lipase activity of compound feed group(23.55 U/g prot)was significantly higher than that of live feed group(14.39 U/g prot),while there was no significant difference between the two groups in lipase activity of pyloric caecum(17.90 and 13.23 U/g prot,respectively);Alkaline phosphatase(AKP)activity in liver of compound feed group(103.44 U/g prot)was significantly higher than that of live feed group(58.20 U/g prot),while glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST/GOT)in liver of compound feed group(20.38 U/g prot)was significantly lower than that of live feed group(32.51 U/g prot).In addition,there was no significant difference between the two groups in activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT/GPT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),and catalase(CAT)in liver,and activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT/GPT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST/GOT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)in serum.The results suggest that C.nasus could ingest the compound feed,there was no significant difference between compound feed group and live feed group in most of digestive enzyme,nonspecific immunity enzyme,metabolic enzyme,and antioxidant enzyme activities,while the growth and survival rates of compound feed group were significantly lower than those of live feed group.Therefore,in order to gradually replace live feed,optimized compound feed formula and improved compound feed that are suitable for C.nasus are recommended.