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近交对长牡蛎幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响
引用本文:张景晓,李琪,葛建龙,王许波,孔令锋.近交对长牡蛎幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(12):2005-2011.
作者姓名:张景晓  李琪  葛建龙  王许波  孔令锋
作者单位:中国海洋大学水产学院, 海水养殖教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003;中国海洋大学水产学院, 海水养殖教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003;中国海洋大学水产学院, 海水养殖教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003;中国海洋大学水产学院, 海水养殖教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003;中国海洋大学水产学院, 海水养殖教育部重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266003
基金项目:国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划(2012AA10A405-6);国家自然科学基金(31372524);山东省自主创新专项(2013CXC80202);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金(BS2012HZ020)
摘    要:分别以2010年通过2个野生个体进行交配获得的A01全同胞家系和2011年通过A01家系子代进行交配获得A02全同胞家系为亲本,在2013年6月采用同时建立全同胞交配子一代F1(F=0.250)、全同胞交配子二代F2(F=0.375)及设置对照组(F=0)的方法,研究在相同环境条件下,不同实验组的受精率与孵化率以及近交对长牡蛎幼虫期、稚贝期生长和存活的影响,并初步探讨近交代数与近交衰退的关系。结果发现,各组的受精率均在90%以上,除F2组外其余2组的孵化率也在90%以上;幼虫阶段,F1组和F2组的壳高与壳长均从12日龄出现衰退(近交衰退系数,inbreeding depression coefficient,IDC0),且F2组壳高的近交衰退系数均小于同日龄F1组壳高的近交衰退系数;F1组和F2组的存活率在整个幼虫期间均出现衰退,且F1组和F2组存活率的近交衰退系数均随着幼虫日龄的增加而逐渐减小。稚贝阶段,F1组和F2组的平均壳高在各日龄均表现出近交衰退(IDC0),且F2组壳高的近交衰退系数均小于相同日龄F1组壳高的近交衰退系数;3个实验组的平均壳长在整个稚贝阶段无显著性差异;F1组和F2组存活率的衰退在不同日龄始终存在(IDC0),且随着稚贝日龄的增加其衰退程度逐渐加大。研究结果为长牡蛎选择育种和遗传改良提供了基础资料。

关 键 词:长牡蛎  近交  生长  存活
收稿时间:2014/6/23 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/9/19 0:00:00

Effects of inbreeding on growth and survival of larval and juvenile Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)
ZHANG Jingxiao,LI Qi,GE Jianlong,WANG Xubo and KONG Lingfeng.Effects of inbreeding on growth and survival of larval and juvenile Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(12):2005-2011.
Authors:ZHANG Jingxiao  LI Qi  GE Jianlong  WANG Xubo and KONG Lingfeng
Institution:Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
Abstract:The effects of inbreeding on growth and survival of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)were investigated using inbreeding families which were established by first generation of full-sib mating(F1,F=0.250)and second successive generation of full-sib mating(F2,F=0.375).Control group(F=0)was produced by random mating of wild oysters.The fertilized rate,hatching rate,survival rate,growth and inbreeding depression coefficients were compared between different experimental groups.The results indicated that all the three experimental groups had high fertilized rates ranging from 94.42% to 98.46%,and hatching rates were all above 90% except group F2.The growth of F1 and F2 showed significant inbreeding depression after 12 days of breeding at larval stage.An increasing inbreeding depression of growth was observed with the increase of inbreeding coefficient in group F1 and F2 at post-larval stage.The inbreeding depression coefficient of average shell height was found to be -0.386 0% at F=0.250,-0.647 1% at F=0.375 at 20 d.The inbreeding depression of larval survival was obvious and increasing with age.The inbreeding depression coefficients of larval survival in group F1 and F2 ranged from -0.197 2% to -2.490 5% and -0.136 3% to -2.232 5%,respectively.A significant inbreeding depression in average shell height of spat was observed all the time in families with F=0.250 and F=0.375.Inbreeding depression of shell height of group F2 was higher than group F1 at juvenile stage.However,no significant difference of average shell length of spat was found between control group and the other two inbreeding groups.Inbreeding depression of survival existed all the time in inbreeding families with F=0.250 and F=0.375 at juvenile stage,and both of them increasing with age.This study demonstrates that inbreeding has negative effects on the economic traits,especially on growth and survival.These effects even still exist in the family with second successive generation of full-sib mating,thus it is necessary to highlight the importance to maximize the genetic diversity in selective breeding programs.These results also emphasize the significance of maintaining pedigree records which are used to avoid the deleterious effects of inbreeding depression in shellfish breeding programs.
Keywords:Crassostrea gigas  inbreeding  growth  survival
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