超声波优化辅助盐渍海蜇脱铝工艺

为探究超声波辅助盐渍海蜇脱铝工艺的条件，实验以盐渍海蜇为原料，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）进行检测，其铝残留量为考察指标，通过单因素实验研究复合保鲜液浓度、超声功率、超声频率以及超声时间对盐渍海蜇脱铝效果的影响，根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计，采用响应面分析法分别优化复合保鲜液脱铝工艺与超声波辅助脱铝工艺。结果显示，未超声波辅助处理的优化条件：料液比1∶7（g/mL）、浸泡时间4 h、浸泡次数3次，铝残留量最低为126.4 mg/kg，浸泡时间影响最为显著；超声波辅助处理影响脱铝率大小的因素依次为超声时间 > 超声功率 > 超声频率 > 复合保鲜液浓度；其最佳工艺：超声频率28 kHz、超声功率272.6 W、复合保鲜液V（醋酸）∶m（丙酸钙）=1∶2]浓度0.68%、脱除时间35 min，铝残留量为124.46 mg/kg，脱铝率达到85.3%；验证实验得到实际脱铝率为82.1%，与理论预测值相比，其相对误差约为3.2%。研究表明，与未超声波辅助相比，铝脱除率稳定，脱除时间由12 h缩短至1.75 h，工艺效率提高6.9倍。因此，超声波技术应用到海蜇产业将为高效开发低铝盐渍海蜇制品提供理论依据。

Techniques of salted jellyfish dealumination by optimized ultrasonic-assisted methodology

In order to study the technological conditions of salted jellyfish dealumination by ultrasonic-assisted method, residual aluminum content is detected by ICP-MS through experiment with salted jellyfish as raw material. First, a study is made of the impact of multiple preservative solution concentration, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic time on the dealumination effect of salted jellyfish by single factor experiment. And then, based on analyzing Box-Behnken central composite design and Response Surface, an optimization is made of multiple preservative solution dealuminating process as well as ultrasonic-assisted dealuminating technology respectively. The experimental results show that the optimizing conditions without ultrasonic assisted treatment go as follows:raw material-to-water ratio is 1:7 (g/mL); soaking time, 4 h; water changing number, 3 times and the jellyfish lowest residual aluminum content (wet base)is 126.4 mg/kg. Thus it can be seen that the soaking time has the most significant effect upon salted jellyfish dealumination; the factors affecting salted jellyfish dealumination by ultrasonic assisted treatment are:ultrasonic time > ultrasonic power > ultrasonic frequency > multiple preservative solution concentration. Among them, the optimum ultrasonic conditions are:ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, ultrasonic power 272.61 W, concentration(Vacetic acid]:mcalcium propionate]=1:2), 0.68% and ultrasonic time 35.06 min. Thus, the jellyfish aluminum residue(wet base) can be reduced to 124.46 mg/kg, and the maximum removal rate of aluminum can be up to 85.3%. Actual dealumination obtained from the validation test is 82.1%. Compared with the theoretical prediction values, the relative error rate from the experimental results is 3.2%. This study also indicates that the removal rate of aluminum is stable with hours reduced from 12 to 1.75 and process efficiency improved by 6.9 times. Therefore, application of ultrasonic technology to jellyfish industry will provide theoretical references for highly-efficient development of low aluminum salted jellyfish products.