长江口定置张网渔业调查

本文报导了1982年和1988年长江口(E121°10′～122°15′;N31°00′～31°42′)定置张网渔业调查情况。调查表明: (1)长江口定置张网包括深水张网、高仓张网、插网、挑网四种渔具。作业范围主要在潮间带和潮下带水深8米以内的四个区域;①自崇明岛北四滧河口到佘山西北一带;②由白龙港至老港以及九段沙、铜沙一带;③从浏河口外到宝钢码头之间;④长兴、横沙两岛的南、北港水道和吴淞口外。作业期一般从2月至11月。 (2)渔获物种类组成共有61种,分属鱼类、甲壳类、水母类,头足类和哺乳类。其中主要经济种类有:长颌鲚、凤鲚、前颌间银鱼、安氏白虾、中华绒螯蟹和海蜇。 (3)据崇明、宝山、川沙和上海四县,1971年—1982年资料统计:年平均投网数达 4189顶。年平均渔获量为7.6万担,其中毛鲚约占43.4％。 鉴于长江口渔业资源因遭受酷渔滥捕、水质污染、渔场浅滩局部变迁和航道拓宽等因素的影响而开始衰退,建议结合渔民生计,尽快制定对定置张网采取限制、调整等“繁保”管理措施,使渔业资源得到保护和合理利用。

A SURVEY ON THE FISHERIES OF SET STOW NET IN THE CHANG JIANG ESTUARY

The investigation of set stow net fisheres in the Chang Jiang Estuary (120°10'-122°15'E;31°00'--31°42'N) were carried out in 1982 and 1983 respectively. Theresults are as follows:1. There were four set stow net fisheries in the Chang Jiang Estuary, they arethe deepwater stow net, floating stow net, fide net and boat stow net. Thier operationalgrounds were to be located in four districts: (1) from the mouth of Beisiyiao River inChongming Dao Island to Northwest zone of Sheshan Dao Island;(2) between theBeilonggang Port, Lao Gang Port, Tong Sha Bank and Jiuduan Sha Bank; (3) betweenthe mouth of Liu He River and wharf of Baoshan General Steel Plants;(4) the northern and southern flows of Chengxing and Hengsha Islands, and extend toWusong Estuary. The depth of fishjing ground generally dosen't excess 8M. The fishing period is from February to November.2. The catches consist of 61 species, belonging to fish, crustacean, jellyfish,cephalopoda and mammals respectively. In which, Coilia ectenes, C. mytus, Hemisa-lsnx prognathus, Palaemon annandalei, Eriocheir sinensis and Rhopilema esculentmare the main commerial species.3. The total number of net estimated only from Chongming, Baoshan, Chuanshaand Shanghai counties (1971--1982) were 4189 nets in average annually. The totalproduction is 3800 tons and the Coilis (youngs) account for 43.4% of total.The overfishing, water quality deterioration, brodening of the water way andthe partial changes of the substrate in fishing ground are factors resulting the declina-tion of the fisheries resources. It is suggest that the regulation on minimize and adjustthe number of set stow net must be adopted in order to protect and exploit fisheriesresources rationally.