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中华鳖七群体体形和腹部黑斑图案的差异比较
引用本文:李思发.中华鳖七群体体形和腹部黑斑图案的差异比较[J].水产学报,2004,28(1):15-22.
作者姓名:李思发
作者单位:1. 上海水产大学农业水产种质资源与养殖生态重点开放实验室,上海,200090
2. 上海市东风农场养鳖场,上海,202177
基金项目:上海市水产办“中华鳖养殖业持续发展研究”项目(科0095)
摘    要:对我国中华鳖代表性7个地方群体的成鳖阶段和后备亲鳖阶段的体形和腹部黑斑图案进行了,比较和分析。(1)把包括背甲周长、背甲宽、裙边后侧宽等16个参数转化为以背甲长为基数的15项比例性状进行多元函数分析。聚类分析表明,太湖鳖和崇明鳖较近,黄河鳖和淮河鳖较近,洞庭湖鳖和鄱阳湖鳖较近。主成份分析表明,把7群体一起分析的绘图,相互覆盖较多,不易分清:若是取3个群体,如对黄河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及太湖鳖分析绘图,则趋同性和趋异性十分清楚。判别分析表明,7群体的判别准确率在44%~73%之间,黄河鳖群体的判别准确率最高;(2)裙边宽厚度是中华鳖的重要经济指标。黄河鳖、淮河鳖及洞庭湖鳖的裙边均较宽而厚,其裙边后侧宽/背甲长之比超过7群体总平均值1~4.6个百分点;(3)中华鳖体色存在群体间固有的差异。首先表现在腹部的黑色斑块的有无和多少上,在后备亲鳖阶段,黄河鳖腹部全白的比例达100%,洞庭湖鳖和鄱阳湖鳖及淮河鳖腹部全白的比例在80%~90%;太湖鳖、崇明鳖及台湾鳖腹部全白的比例仅12%~22%。其次表现在腹部黑色斑块的出现频率和黑色程度有从黄、淮河流域和长江中游水域向长江下游水域及台湾增高、增强的明显趋势。黄河鳖、淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及鄱阳湖鳖是为“玉鳖”群,太湖鳖、崇明鳖及台湾鳖是为“花鳖”群。中华鳖腹部黑色斑块图案,是既受遗传控制,也受环境影响,还受遗传-环境相互作用的复杂表型。

关 键 词:中华鳖  地方群体  体形  腹部黑斑图案  比较研究
文章编号:1000-0615(2004)01-0015-08
收稿时间:2014/3/15 0:00:00
修稿时间:2002年11月22

Comparative study on variation of body shape and belly black spot pattern among seven populations of Trionyx sinensis
LI Si-fa.Comparative study on variation of body shape and belly black spot pattern among seven populations of Trionyx sinensis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(1):15-22.
Authors:LI Si-fa
Institution:LI Si-fa~1,CAI Wan-qi~1,LIU Zhi-zhi~1,FU Li-xia~1,WANG Cheng-hui~1,JI Gao-hua~1,ZHU Jin~2,GU Zhong-ming~2,SONG Xiao-ping~2
Abstract:For the seven representative populations of soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) in China, the body shape and belly black spot pattern in adult stage and premature stage were compared and analyzed. (1)Body shape including 16 parameters, such as, back shell circle length, skirt lateral width etc., were transformed into 15 meristics characters based on the total length of back shell, then analyzed by multiple variation analysis. Cluster analysis showed that the Taihu Lake turtle and Chongming island turtle grouped together, Yellow River turtle and Huai River turtle grouped together, Dongting Lake turtle and Poyang Lake turtle grouped together. The principal analysis could show the unified point and diversified point clearly when three populations were plotted together, such as Yellow River turtle, Dongting Lake turtle and Taihu Lake turtle. (2)The skirt width and thickness is the most important economic criterion for turtle, the ratio of skirt lateral width/back shell length of Yellow River turtle, Huai River turtle and Dongting Lake turtle was 1%-4% wider than the average of 7 populations. (3)There are an inherent difference among populations in the belly black spot pattern. Firstly, it presented on the existence and number of black spots on the belly. During the premature stage, percentage of non-spot individuals reached 100% in Yellow River turtle, 80%-90% in Dongting Lake turtle, Poyang Lake turtle and Huai River turtle, and 12%-22% in Taihu Lake turtle, Chongming Island turtle and Taiwan Island turtle. Secondly, it showed an increasing trend both in appearing frequency and blackness of black spots from the basin of the Yellow River, Huai River and the middle reaches of the Yangzte River to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Taiwan. The turtle from Yellow River, Huai River, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake belong to "jade belly" turtle group; the turtle from Taihu Lake, Chongming Island and Taiwan Island belong to "black spots belly" turtle group. The black color pattern is a complicated phenotype controlled by the genetic factor, influenced by the environment factor and also affected by the interaction of genetic-environment.
Keywords:Trionyx sinensis  populations  body shape  color pattern  variation
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