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高效低碳——中国水产养殖业发展的必由之路
引用本文:董双林.高效低碳——中国水产养殖业发展的必由之路[J].水产学报,2011,35(10):1595-1600.
作者姓名:董双林
作者单位:中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛,266003
基金项目:国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD13B03);海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905020)
摘    要:养殖种类不断增加,营养层次不断提高,集约化水平不断提升已成为我国水产养殖业总体发展的趋势,疾病流行、良种匮乏、污染严重、产品质量堪忧等诸多难题也随之而来。但从大尺度来审视,影响水产养殖近中期目标实现和可持续发展的主要问题则是水资源短缺、排污问题和产业发展对能源、鱼粉不断增大的需求。就产业主体而言,为保障我国的食物安全、实现我国CO2减排目标,高效低碳模式是水产养殖业发展的必由之路。对未来10年甚或更长时期我国水产养殖发展目标的实现还会主要依靠一些相对简单且易被大众掌握的新技术的应用。积极发展碳汇渔业,特别是海水大型藻类和滤食性贝类的养殖,是实现水产养殖产业总体上走高效低碳道路的结构性保障。高效低碳养殖模式的建立需要大水域协同生产机制的体制保障,需要政府加强对养殖污染物排放监管的法律保障,需要生态学与经济学结合的学科保障。

关 键 词:水产养殖    发展    高效    低碳    中国
收稿时间:2011/6/27 0:00:00
修稿时间:8/13/2011 3:56:07 PM

High efficiency with low carbon:the only way for China aquaculture to develop
DONG Shuang-lin.High efficiency with low carbon:the only way for China aquaculture to develop[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(10):1595-1600.
Authors:DONG Shuang-lin
Institution:Ocean University of China
Abstract:Development trend of China aquaculture is that the quantity of farmed species,the trophic level of farmed species and the intensity of aquaculture systems are increasing rapidly.China aquaculture now is encountering some difficulties,such as epidemic prevailing,lack of improved varieties of farmed species,pollution,product safety and so on.However,considering aquaculture development from the point of sustainability,the main challenges to its development are freshwater shortage,environment deterioration and increasing consumption of energy and fishmeal.High productive efficiency with low carbon emission(HELC)is the only way for China aquaculture to develop in order to ensure the food security of 1.45 billion of Chinese population before 2030 and to keep the promise of Chinese government that CO2 emission per GDP in 2020 is reduced by 40%-45% based on the 2005 level.Although it is believed that modern biotechnology and modern engineering will contribute more and more in future aquaculture development,their wide application in aquaculture still need time and effort.Aquaculture development in China will have to come mainly from simple farming technologies,which farmers can easily adopt,in near future.Initiatively developing carbon sequestration mariculture(in which CO2 is absorbed from water and in turn CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is reduced directly or indirectly),such as bivalvia and seaweeds farming,is structural guarantee for HELC.In addition establishing cooperation mechanism of every production units within large waters,improving environment protection and legal consciousness of producers,reinforcing supervision for aquaculture pollutant discharge,and cooperation of aquacultural ecologists and economists are needed to guarantee the development of China aquaculture along the road to HELC.
Keywords:aquaculture  development  high efficiency  low carbon  China
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