珠江口海洋牧场渔业资源关键功能群的遴选方法

功能群是研究海洋牧场生态系统结构和能量流动的基础。实验以2016年和2017年对珠江口万山海域渔业资源调查数据为基础,结合珠江口海域渔业资源历史资料,通过渔业资源优势度、生物量和渔获率指标排序分析,首次提出海洋牧场渔业资源关键功能群概念及其顶级经济物种遴选原则,以食物链营养级为基础构造海洋牧场渔业资源关键功能群。结果显示,丽叶鲹、棘头梅童鱼、周氏新对虾、隆线强蟹、凤鲚、口虾蛄、太阳强蟹和锐齿蟳为渔业资源优势度、生物量、渔获率排序中处于前30位的共有经济物种;底栖动物食性和浮游动物食性类群构成了珠江口海域的优势类群,分别占34%和20%;依据遴选原则遴选出名贵鱼类、高产鱼类和虾蟹类组成的7种海洋牧场渔业资源顶级经济物种,构造了7种由顶级经济物种及其食物链各营养级生物组成的海洋牧场渔业资源关键功能群,包括银鲳功能群、云纹石斑鱼功能群、鲈功能群、黄姑鱼功能群、鲻功能群、斑节对虾功能群和锯缘青蟹功能群。研究结果为我国现代化海洋牧场渔业资源功能群构造提供思路与方法。

Key functional groups selection in marine ranching fishery resources from the Pearl River Estuary

Functional groups are the foundation on the analysis of food web structure and energy flow in marine ranching ecosystems. Based on filed investigation in Wanshan islands adjacent sea and historical data of fishery resources in the Pearl River Estuary, we analysed and selected 30 economic species by sequencing the predominance, biomass and catch rate of fishery resources, respectively. Caranx kalla, Collichthys lucidus, Metapenaeus joyneri, Eucrate crenata, Coilia mystus, Oratosquilla oratoria, Eucrate solaris and Charybdis acuta were the shared economical species. Moreover, we firstly proposed the concept of key functional groups and principle of top economic species selection in marine ranching fishery resources. Rare fishes, high-yiels fishes and shrimp and crab were eventually selected as top economical species of key functional groups in marine ranching fishery resources. We constructed seven key functional groups of marine ranching fishery resources composed of top economic species and organisms in their food chains, including Pampus argenteus functional groups, Epinehelusmoara functional groups, Lateolabrax japonicas functional groups, Nibeaalbiflora functional groups, Mugil cephalus functional groups, Penaeus monodon functional groups and Scylla serrata functional groups. This study provides scientific evidence and method for functional groups structure of fishery resources in marine ranching.