对虾Toll受体及其在虾类营养免疫评价中的应用

Toll受体是一类跨膜蛋白,其胞外区能够识别仅表达在病原微生物上的高度保守的结构基序(motifs)——病原相关的分子模式(pathogen-associated　molecular　patterns,PAMPs),并将病原入侵的信号传递到细胞内,诱导产生一系列的免疫效应因子和免疫反应。Toll受体是机体对入侵病原微生物产生免疫效应的关键分子。多种对虾中存在Toll受体,但对虾Toll受体在虾类营养免疫研究中的应用尚未得到发掘。本文综述了Toll信号途径及对虾Toll受体的研究进展,并探讨了Toll受体在虾类营养免疫评价中的应用价值,认为对虾Toll受体表达量的变化可以反映机体对入侵病原识别的灵敏性,在今后的营养免疫学研究中具有重要价值,并提出了今后对虾Toll受体研究的方向。

Toll receptor in prawn and its application in nutrition-immunity assessing on prawn

Toll receptor is a kind of transmembrane protein. The extracellular domain of Toll receptor can recognize the highly conserved components of pathogens, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which is only expressed on pathogen microbe. The signal on pathogen invasion is transmitted into cell by Toll receptor and then induce cascades on production of immune effectors and immune reactions. Toll receptor is vital for innate immunity of organism. The existence of Toll receptor has been verified in some kinds of shrimp. But the application of Toll receptor in nutrition-immunity study of shrimp is scarce. This paper reviews the signal pathway of Toll and research advance on prawn Toll. The application of Toll receptor in nutrition-immunity assessing on prawn is also elucidated. The variation on expression of Toll receptor gene may reflect the sensitivity of organism to invading pathogen. Expression of Toll receptor gene should be a valuable parameter for assaying nutrition-immunity of shrimp. However, more research should be conducted in future to interpret the effects of dietary nutrients on expression of Toll receptor gene. Whether expression of Toll receptor gene of shrimp could reflect the immunological function of the diet should also be studied.