大银鱼生物学与渔业生态学研究进展

大银鱼是东亚特有的小型经济鱼类，相关研究工作主要由我国科技工作者开展。本文对大银鱼分类、生长、繁殖、孵化与胚胎发育、移植与产量波动以及对其他鱼类的影响等研究进展进行了归纳和总结。更正后的大银鱼拉丁学名存在尚未被广泛使用的问题。多年的移植增殖使大银鱼产生了大量新的遗传变异，形态上也有所改变，丰富了大银鱼的种质资源。不同纬度地区大银鱼快速生长的月份不同，虽然北方生长季节短，但大银鱼个体却不小于南方。大银鱼能否稳定地转变为食鱼性决定了其生长速率和最终个体大小，其种群内出现个体大小分化的饵料资源条件尚不清楚。种群内是否出现个体大小分化决定了大银鱼的性选择模式，而相关的研究尚未开展。大银鱼为一次性产卵鱼类，其自然受精率高于人工受精率，因此，在增养殖中若能保留合适的繁殖群体量则无需人工投放受精卵。大银鱼的胚胎发育及其影响因素已经比较清楚，足以指导受精卵的生产。大银鱼是耐盐碱鱼类，可用于发展盐碱水域渔业。饵料生物资源的过度消耗被认为是大银鱼产量跌入低谷的原因，但相关的定量生态学研究有待开展，以指导大银鱼的可持续稳产。本研究还针对大银鱼种群爆发对土著鱼类影响的问题，提出了应对策略。

Biology and fishery ecology of Protosalanx chinensis: a review

Protosalanx chinensis is a small economic fish distributed exclusively in the Eastern Asia and most of the relative research work was mainly conducted by Chinese researcher. We summarized the latest researches on ichthyology, growth, reproduction, incubation and embryo development, transplantation and yield fluctuation, invasiveness of P. chinensis in this paper. The corrected scientific name of this fish is not widely used yet. A large amount of genetic variations have been detected and morphological changes have also occured after transplanting for so many years. Growth rate differences in the same month explained why the ultimate body length of northern populations is not less than that of southern populations, although the growth period is shorter in northern area than southern area. Whether transition to feed on fish steadily or not determined the growth rate and ultimate body size of P. chinensis, however, diet base for size-structured populaton forming is not known yet. Whether size-structured populaton forms or not determins the sex selctive pattern, which has not been studied yet. P. chinensis performs spawning once in life span and the fertilizing rate of natural breeding is higher than artificial breeding, therefore, there is no need of stocking fertilized eggs if the appropriate number of reproductive individuals remain after commercial fishing. Embryo development and the impacting factors were well known which is enough for artificial production of fertilized eggs. P. chinensis is a kind of saline-alkaline tolerance species, and can serve as a candidate for saline-alkaline fisheries. It is agreed that overexploitation of diet resources accounts for the dramatic yield decline of P. chinensis, but the relative ecological research has not been conducted to guide the sustainable fisheries yet. We also suggested the countermeasures against invasion of P. chinensis.