坛紫菜雌雄叶状体的细胞分化比较

以室内培养20～90 d的坛紫菜雌雄叶状体为研究材料，用酶解法分别获取单离细胞进行再生培养。在雌雄叶状体的体细胞再生体中，都出现9种不同发育类型。再生体发育类型的数目和比例与种藻日龄密切相关等结果，证实了离体培养的单离细胞发育成不同形态的再生体是基于其离体前处于不同分化时期所致；由壳孢子分化成性母细胞大致可划分成8个不同阶段。雌雄叶状体的细胞分化途经大致相同，但也有一定差异，雌性叶状体的细胞最终分化成雌性性母细胞，并产生大量的丝状体；而雄性叶状体的细胞最终分化成雄性性母细胞，绝大部分生成精子，但极少数产生丝状体。在雌雄叶状体的细胞再生体中，均产生 “类单孢子”并长成正常叶状体。雄性叶状体成熟较雌性早，与其细胞分化速度较快有关。成熟期不同的雌性品系观察结果表明，叶状体成熟越早、生长期越短，其体细胞分化速度也越快。

Comparison on cell differentiation of male and female blades in Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Both female and male blades of Porphyra haitanensis Chang et Zheng were obtained by culturing conchospores of different strains in the lab for 20 to 90 days, and were used to isolate enzymatically single cells, respectively, Nine distinct developmental and morphological patterns were observed among the regenerating plants of the single cells of female or male blades. The numbers and percentages of the developmental patterns are clearly related with the ages of blades used to isolate the single cells, suggesting that distinct developmental patterns of the single cells originally came from the differentiation of cells on the blades, Generally, there are at least eight differentiation stages from conchospore cell to sexual cell in the female and male blades. But, some differences existed on cell differentiation between the female and male blades, The cells of the female blade differentiate into sexual cells and produce conchocelis, while the male blade cells mostly differentiate into sexual cells to produce spermatangia, but also yielding a few conchocelis. The monospore -like cells developing into normal blades were observed among the cultures of single cells of female and male blades. Comparatively speaking, the maturation of male blade is earlier than that of female blades, and is related with the faster cellular differentiation. The earlier the maturation of the blades, the shorter the growth period and the faster the cell differentiation existed among the female strains.