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厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响
引用本文:徐 冰,陈新军,田思泉,钱卫国,刘必林.厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):696-707.
作者姓名:徐 冰  陈新军  田思泉  钱卫国  刘必林
作者单位:1. 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海,201306
2. 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306;上海海洋大学大洋生物资源开发和利用上海市高校重点实验室,上海201306;上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306
基金项目:上海市优秀学科带头人计划(10XD1402000); 曙光计划跟踪项目(08GG14); 国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划(2007AA092201; 2007AA0 92202); 上海市教委优秀青年基金(B-8101-080-0024); 上海市捕捞学重点学科资助(S30702)
摘    要:研究大范围环境变化对茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响,对指导渔业科学生产、掌握资源变动规律具有重要意义。根据2005—2009年我国鱿钓船鱿钓生产数据,结合表温(SST)、0~200 m垂直水温(15 m水层温度T15,50 m水层温度T50,100 m水层温度T100,200 m水层温度T200)等资料,研究厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔场分布的影响。结果表明,2006和2009年10—12月受厄尔尼诺影响,作业渔场分布在79°W~84°W、10°W~17°S海域,最适SST为19~22℃;2007年10—12月受拉尼娜影响,作业渔场分布在81°W~85°W、10°W~14°S海域,最适SST为17~20℃,中心渔场作业范围相比厄尔尼诺年份向北偏移1°~2°,平均SST降低2℃。各层水温分布表明,2007年10—12月T15和T50水温均明显高于2006年10—12月,最大温度差值为6~9℃;T100和T200温度差别较小,最大温度差值为1℃。水温垂直结构结果表明,2006年10—12月作业渔场未形成明显的上升流,主要分布在外洋水与沿岸水交汇处;2007年10—12月的沿岸一侧形成了势力强劲的上升流,作业渔场主要分布在上升流等温线密集交汇处。此外,由于受上升流的加强使栖息水层营养盐丰富,更有利于茎柔鱼索饵,导致茎柔鱼渔场分布也出现一定转移。研究表明,秘鲁外海中心渔场位置的变化与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件具有密切关系。

关 键 词:茎柔鱼  渔场分布  表温  水温垂直结构  厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜
收稿时间:3/13/2011 9:28:20 AM
修稿时间:2011/11/17 0:00:00

Effects of El Ni?o/La Ni?a on distribution of fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas off Peru waters
XU Bing,CHEN Xin-jun,TIAN Si-quan,QIAN Wei-guo and LIU Bi-lin.Effects of El Ni?o/La Ni?a on distribution of fishing ground of Dosidicus gigas off Peru waters[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(5):696-707.
Authors:XU Bing  CHEN Xin-jun  TIAN Si-quan  QIAN Wei-guo and LIU Bi-lin
Institution:College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University
Abstract:Jumbo flying squid,Dosidicus gigas,which is distributed in the waters off Peru,and is an important economic squid,has been caugth by many countries in the world.The study on large-scale environmental change on distribution of D.gigas is important for scientifically fishing and mastering the changing regularity.In this study,the fishing data from Chinese squid jigging fleets,sea surface temperature(SST) and the water temperatures data from 0 to 200 m(sea temperature at 15 meters layer,T15;sea temperature at 50 meters layer,T50;sea temperature at 100 meters layer,T100;sea temperature at 200 meters layer,T200) are used to analyze the large-scale environmental changes on distribution of D.gigas under the different conditions of El Nio and La Nia.The result indicated that under El Nio,the fishing ground was around 79° 84°W and 10° 17°S with the optimal SST range of 19 22 ℃ during October to December in 2006 and 2009,while under La Nia during October to December in 2007,the fishing ground was located around 81° 85°W and 10° 14°S with the optimal SST range of 17 20 ℃.The main fishing ground in the year of La Nia moved to further northward for 1 2° latitude and its average SST decreased 2 ℃ compared with that in the years of El Nio.The distribution of water layers temperature indicated that T15 and T50 in 2007 was significantly higher than that in 2006 with the maximum temperature difference of 6~9 ℃,and but T100 and T200 in 2007 was little higher than that in 2006 with the maximum temperature difference of 1 ℃.The vertical temperature structure indicated that the upwelling is not formed in fishing ground from October to December in 2006,and the fishing ground was distributed at the mixed region between oceanic water and coastal water.But the strong upwelling is formed in coastal waters from October to December in 2007,and the fishing ground was distributed at the intensive isotherm around the upwelling area.Moreover,the strong upwelling will lead to producing more nutrients in the squid habitat layer,which will be useful for squid to feed and make change of the distribution of D.gigas.It is concluded that El Nio/La Nia events are closely related to the change of distribution of fishing ground of D.gigas.
Keywords:Dosidicus gigas  distribution of fishing ground  sea surface temperature(SST)  vertical temperatures  El Nio/La Nia
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