五种海洋生物葡萄糖磷酸变位酶和磷酸葡萄糖异构酶的同工酶分析

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳方法对虾夷马粪海胆（Strongylocentrotus intermedius）、刺参（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka）、半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis）、文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）和虾夷扇贝（Pecten yessoensis）不同组织中的葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（PGM）和磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（GPI）进行了检测分析。结果发现，虾夷马粪海胆肌肉组织和成熟性腺组织中的PGM有较强的表达活性和表达位点差异，两种组织中GPI活性稍差。刺参的肠道组织和肌肉组织只有PGM和GPI表达活性的差异，而无位点差异。半滑舌鳎肌肉组织检测到两个PGM位点，三个GPI位点。文蛤闭壳肌组织PGM表现出非常高的多态性，而GPI表现为单态。虾夷扇贝闭壳肌组织的PGM和GPI各只检测到一个位点，遗传变异程度比较低。以PGM和GPI为指标，对我国北方5种重要海水养殖品种的同工酶遗传变异水平和其它相关遗传参数进行了分析，对群体遗传结构可能的变化规律以及与某些性状的相关性进行了探讨，这些参数对它们的遗传选育有一定的指导作用。

Isozyme analysis of PGM and GPI in five marine organisms

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to detect the genetic variation of PGM and GPI in five marine organisms,sea urchin(Strongylocentrotus intermedius),sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka),sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis),hard clam(Meretrix meretrix) and scallop(Pecten yessoensis).For sea urchin,the PGM showed high expression activity in muscle and mature gonad and the loci number was different in the two tissues,while the activity of GPI was rather low.The isozyme demonstrated the same number of loci in the muscle and intestines of sea cucumber,but their activity was quite different.Two PGM loci and three GPI loci were detected in sole's muscle.For the hard clam adductor,the PGM showed high polymorphism and GPI showed monomorphism.One PGM locus and one GPI locus were detected in adductor muscle of the scallop,indicating the low variation of two enzymes.The genetic parameters and genetic variation of PGM and GPI were analyzed for these marine cultured species in Northern China.The genetic structure and relationship between genetic parameters and economic traits were discussed,which will be important in selective breeding programs.