红假单胞菌属光合细菌的一种规模化培养方法

为了研究红假单胞菌属光合细菌的规模化培养方法,2015年1月5日至2016年4月26日,将淡水鱼配合饲料与自来水混合后放置在玻璃温室,于有机玻璃柱中腐烂、发酵培养,培养期间不添加其他物质,也不添加菌种种源。实验过程中,随着饲料的腐烂,容器内壁上逐渐出现了暗红色物质附着,并且附着面积逐渐扩散到整个内壁,然后水体也逐渐转变为暗红色。结果显示,饲料腐烂过程中,水体TN、TP和TOC最高可分别达近1 200 mg/L、700 mg/L和2 700 mg/L,随后水体TN、TP和TOC出现降低趋势。微生物高通量测序分析结果显示,当水体呈现暗红色时,附着态微生物样品和浮游态微生物样品均以红假单胞菌属为最大的优势属,红假单胞菌属在附着态样品和浮游态样品中的相对丰度分别达到73.19%和54.31%,即实现了浮游态和附着态红假单胞菌属光合细菌的高密度培养。推断本实验中红假单胞菌规模化培养方法的机理:首先,异养菌降解饲料原料为小分子物质,随后在适当的水温、光照等物理因素的影响下,其中高浓度的氮、磷、碳以及金属离子、维生素、微量元素等小分子物质满足了红假单胞菌的高密度生长需求而大量生长成为优势种类。这提供了一种利用水产配合饲料与水一起发酵进行红假单胞菌属光合细菌规模化培养的方法,可为其他降解大分子有机物的异养菌的规模化培养提供参考。

A method for mass culture of photosythetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas

In order to study a mass culture method for photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas, from January 5, 2015 to April 26, 2016, the freshwater compound fish feed with tap water was put in plexiglass columns in a greenhouse for fermentation, and neither other substances nor bacteria strain was added during the culture. During the experiment, with the decay of the feed, a kind of dark red substance gradually appeared on the inner wall of the container, and the attachment area gradually spread to the entire inner wall, and then the water body gradually turned to dark red. The results showed that the highest content of TN, TP and TOC in the water was nearly 1 200 mg/L, 700 mg/L and 2 700 mg/L, respectively, during the feed decay, and then they decreased. The high throughput sequencing analysis for the microorganisms showed Rhodopseudomonas was the most dominant genus in either the attached microorganisms or the planktonic microorganisms, and the relative abundance reached 73.19% and 54.31%, respectively, when the water was dark red. It showed that the high density culture of the attached or planktonic Rhodopseudomonas was achieved. The massive culture mechanism for Rhodopseudomonas in this experiment was deduced here:firstly, the compound fish feed was degraded into micromolecule substances with heterotrophic bacteria, followed by the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, metal ions, vitamins, trace elements and other micromolecule, which met the demand of the high density growth of Rhodopseudomonas with the conditions of appropriate water temperature, light and other physical factors, and then Rhodopseudomonas massively grew to become the dominant genus. This research provides a method for mass culture of Rhodopseudomonas with fermentation of aquatic compound feed and water, which also provides useful information for the large-scale culture of other heterotrophic bacteria that can biodegrade macromolecules.